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<p>Integrated terahertz (THz) communication-sensing-computing systems require reconfigurable platforms that can simultaneously support logic operations and signal modulation. Here, we propose a subarray programmable THz metasurface that elevates the subarray to the minimum addressable unit. Within each subarray, a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) serves as the active material; collective resonance tuning of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) enables broadband control of array-level resonances and transmission amplitude. Using spatial domain combinatorial coding across subarrays, the device maps Boolean logic over a wide bandwidth and directly realizes four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) at the wavefront. In a 220 GHz quasi-optical link, dynamic measurements demonstrate real-time Boolean functions up to 200 MHz and stable PAM-4, while a single-tone modulation reaches 6 GHz. This subarray-level gating strategy integrates optical logic and high-order amplitude modulation on the same hardware without increasing addressing complexity, providing a scalable route to compact, reconfigurable THz front ends for future communications and intelligent sensing.</p>

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Subarray programmable terahertz metasurface for optical logic and high-order amplitude modulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Lan Wang,
  • Sen Gong,
  • Chaoming Xia,
  • Dongyang Liu,
  • Xuan Cong,
  • Ao Zhu,
  • Hongxin Zeng,
  • Feng Lan,
  • Ziqiang Yang,
  • Taiichi Otsuji,
  • Yaxin Zhang

摘要

Integrated terahertz (THz) communication-sensing-computing systems require reconfigurable platforms that can simultaneously support logic operations and signal modulation. Here, we propose a subarray programmable THz metasurface that elevates the subarray to the minimum addressable unit. Within each subarray, a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) serves as the active material; collective resonance tuning of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) enables broadband control of array-level resonances and transmission amplitude. Using spatial domain combinatorial coding across subarrays, the device maps Boolean logic over a wide bandwidth and directly realizes four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) at the wavefront. In a 220 GHz quasi-optical link, dynamic measurements demonstrate real-time Boolean functions up to 200 MHz and stable PAM-4, while a single-tone modulation reaches 6 GHz. This subarray-level gating strategy integrates optical logic and high-order amplitude modulation on the same hardware without increasing addressing complexity, providing a scalable route to compact, reconfigurable THz front ends for future communications and intelligent sensing.