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<p>Achieving optical computing with thousands of tera-operations per second per watt per square millimeter (TOPs/W/mm<sup>2</sup>) is the key to surpassing electrical computing. This realization requires a breakthrough in the design of a new optical computing architecture and nonlinear activation functions. By leveraging the Kerr effect of silicon and the saturable absorption of graphene, we designed an all-optical nonlinear activator based on a graphene-silicon integrated photonic crystal cavity. The ultralow-threshold, high-speed, compact, and reconfigurable all-optical nonlinear activator could achieve a saturable absorption energy threshold of 4 fJ and a response time of 1.05 ps, a reconfigurable nonlinear activation threshold of 30 fJ and a response time of 4 ps, and an ultrasmall size of 15 μm × 10 μm. This device provides foundation blocks for the picosecond pulsed optical neural network chip to achieve 10<sup>6</sup> TOPs/W/mm<sup>2</sup> level optical computing.</p><p></p>

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Femto-joule threshold reconfigurable all-optical nonlinear activators for picosecond pulsed optical neural networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Ruizhe Liu,
  • Zijia Wang,
  • Chuyu Zhong,
  • Yan Chen,
  • Boshu Sun,
  • Jialing Jian,
  • Hui Ma,
  • Dawei Gao,
  • Jianyi Yang,
  • Lan Li,
  • Kaihui Liu,
  • Xiaoyong Hu,
  • Hongtao Lin

摘要

Achieving optical computing with thousands of tera-operations per second per watt per square millimeter (TOPs/W/mm2) is the key to surpassing electrical computing. This realization requires a breakthrough in the design of a new optical computing architecture and nonlinear activation functions. By leveraging the Kerr effect of silicon and the saturable absorption of graphene, we designed an all-optical nonlinear activator based on a graphene-silicon integrated photonic crystal cavity. The ultralow-threshold, high-speed, compact, and reconfigurable all-optical nonlinear activator could achieve a saturable absorption energy threshold of 4 fJ and a response time of 1.05 ps, a reconfigurable nonlinear activation threshold of 30 fJ and a response time of 4 ps, and an ultrasmall size of 15 μm × 10 μm. This device provides foundation blocks for the picosecond pulsed optical neural network chip to achieve 106 TOPs/W/mm2 level optical computing.