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<p>It is intractable to perform information processing and computation on single ultrafast optical pulses, within picoseconds or even femtoseconds. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an optical spatiotemporal differentiator, a mirror-symmetry-breaking dielectric metagrating, which performs analog computations of both spatial and temporal differentiations on single ultrafast optical wavepackets. The spatiotemporal differentiator is designed with a transfer function with linear dependence on spatial wavevector and temporal frequency and fabricated by using a double-exposure E-beam lithography process. We achieve the first-order spatiotemporal differentiation with experimental resolutions of approximately 14 μm (in space) and 260 fs (in time). Furthermore, we report a parabolic relationship between the transverse velocity of a front-tilted photonic wavepacket and the normalized intensity of its first-order spatiotemporal-differentiation wavepacket. This relationship allows direct measurement of the transverse velocity using only the normalized intensity, fundamentally simplifying velocity detection. These capabilities of optical spatiotemporal computation endow emerging space-time optics with fundamental computation blocks.</p>

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Experimental demonstration of spatiotemporal analog computation in ultrafast optics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Junyi Huang,
  • Dong Zhao,
  • Jixuan Shi,
  • Hongliang Zhang,
  • Hengyi Wang,
  • Fang-Wen Sun,
  • Qiwen Zhan,
  • Shiyao Zhu,
  • Kun Huang,
  • Zhichao Ruan

摘要

It is intractable to perform information processing and computation on single ultrafast optical pulses, within picoseconds or even femtoseconds. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an optical spatiotemporal differentiator, a mirror-symmetry-breaking dielectric metagrating, which performs analog computations of both spatial and temporal differentiations on single ultrafast optical wavepackets. The spatiotemporal differentiator is designed with a transfer function with linear dependence on spatial wavevector and temporal frequency and fabricated by using a double-exposure E-beam lithography process. We achieve the first-order spatiotemporal differentiation with experimental resolutions of approximately 14 μm (in space) and 260 fs (in time). Furthermore, we report a parabolic relationship between the transverse velocity of a front-tilted photonic wavepacket and the normalized intensity of its first-order spatiotemporal-differentiation wavepacket. This relationship allows direct measurement of the transverse velocity using only the normalized intensity, fundamentally simplifying velocity detection. These capabilities of optical spatiotemporal computation endow emerging space-time optics with fundamental computation blocks.