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Objective <p>Describe caffeine use in late preterm infants (LPIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) over time</p> Methods <p>Cohort study of infants born 34–36 weeks gestation discharged from Pediatrix Medical Group NICUs from 2011-2022.</p> Results <p>Of 233,804 LPIs, 3.7% (<i>n</i> = 8633) were exposed to caffeine. Caffeine-exposed LPIs had a lower gestational age (GA), were more likely to receive surfactant, had higher and longer respiratory support needs, and longer length of stay (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Compared to epoch 1 (2011–2016), LPIs in epoch 2 (2017–2022) were exposed to caffeine at an earlier postnatal age (2 vs. 3 days), shorter duration (1 vs. 6 days) and had discontinued at an earlier postmenstrual age (35 vs. 35.4 weeks) (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>Caffeine was used more often in LPIs requiring respiratory support and with lower GA. Although incidence of caffeine use was stable over time, details of prescribing practices differed across sites and over time.</p>

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Variation of caffeine use in late preterm infants in U.S. NICUs over time: A 12-year cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Kristin E. D. Weimer,
  • Lakshmi Katakam,
  • Kevin Williams,
  • Keyaria Gray,
  • Kamlesh Athavale,
  • Simone Schneider,
  • Kwai Tei Chan Poon,
  • Veeral N. Tolia,
  • Rachel G. Greenberg,
  • Daniel K. Benjamin,
  • Samia Aleem

摘要

Objective

Describe caffeine use in late preterm infants (LPIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) over time

Methods

Cohort study of infants born 34–36 weeks gestation discharged from Pediatrix Medical Group NICUs from 2011-2022.

Results

Of 233,804 LPIs, 3.7% (n = 8633) were exposed to caffeine. Caffeine-exposed LPIs had a lower gestational age (GA), were more likely to receive surfactant, had higher and longer respiratory support needs, and longer length of stay (all p < 0.001). Compared to epoch 1 (2011–2016), LPIs in epoch 2 (2017–2022) were exposed to caffeine at an earlier postnatal age (2 vs. 3 days), shorter duration (1 vs. 6 days) and had discontinued at an earlier postmenstrual age (35 vs. 35.4 weeks) (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Caffeine was used more often in LPIs requiring respiratory support and with lower GA. Although incidence of caffeine use was stable over time, details of prescribing practices differed across sites and over time.