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Background <p>Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is increasingly recognized in preterm infants, yet data regarding characteristics and outcomes remain limited.</p> Methods <p>A review of hospitalizations from 50 children’s hospitals across the United States participating in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database was performed. We identified 268,461 pediatric patients (≤24 months of age) with a history of prematurity (&lt;37 weeks’ gestation) admitted between 2016 and 2024. PVS was identified in 703 (0.3%) using ICD-10 diagnosis code I28.8.</p> Results <p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, birthweight ≤1.5 kg, Oxygen and ventilator dependency at discharge, pulmonary hypertension, left-to-right shunt lesions, and necrotizing enterocolitis were associated with PVS. Interestingly, gestational age &lt;28 weeks was not associated with PVS. Patients with PVS had higher in-hospital mortality (11.4% vs 2%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), longer hospitalization, and substantially higher adjusted hospitalization costs. After adjusting for prematurity and comorbidities, PVS remained associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 4.3, 95% CI 3.4–5.5, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p> Conclusion <p>PVS in preterm infants is associated with in-hospital mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization, highlighting the need for improved recognition and structured surveillance</p>

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Characteristics and outcomes of preterm infants with pulmonary vein stenosis in the contemporary era: a PHIS database analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Mohamed F. Elsisy,
  • Fred Z. Lam,
  • Mark M. Naguib,
  • Mary E. Dees,
  • James C. Gay,
  • George T. Nicholson

摘要

Background

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is increasingly recognized in preterm infants, yet data regarding characteristics and outcomes remain limited.

Methods

A review of hospitalizations from 50 children’s hospitals across the United States participating in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database was performed. We identified 268,461 pediatric patients (≤24 months of age) with a history of prematurity (<37 weeks’ gestation) admitted between 2016 and 2024. PVS was identified in 703 (0.3%) using ICD-10 diagnosis code I28.8.

Results

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, birthweight ≤1.5 kg, Oxygen and ventilator dependency at discharge, pulmonary hypertension, left-to-right shunt lesions, and necrotizing enterocolitis were associated with PVS. Interestingly, gestational age <28 weeks was not associated with PVS. Patients with PVS had higher in-hospital mortality (11.4% vs 2%, p < 0.01), longer hospitalization, and substantially higher adjusted hospitalization costs. After adjusting for prematurity and comorbidities, PVS remained associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 4.3, 95% CI 3.4–5.5, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

PVS in preterm infants is associated with in-hospital mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization, highlighting the need for improved recognition and structured surveillance