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<p>The most abundant element on Earth, oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) is essential for all complex, eukaryotic life. Because under- (hypoxia) or overexposure (hyperoxia) to O<sub>2</sub> can be detrimental, achieving the ideal balance is crucial for human survival. In this perspective, we discuss the fundamental role of hemoglobin in O<sub>2</sub> transport and tissue oxygenation. We also discuss the role that O<sub>2.</sub> can play in oxidative stress, sometimes initiating inflammatory cascades in vulnerable individuals, such as those with deficiencies in antioxidant defenses or with immune dysregulation. Preterm newborns may be especially prone to such oxidative injury.</p>

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A clinician’s musings on oxygen: Too little or too much with life in the balance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • David K. Stevenson,
  • Ronald J. Wong,
  • Jonathan D. Reiss,
  • Ivana Marić,
  • Anca M. Paşca,
  • Terence L. Ahern

摘要

The most abundant element on Earth, oxygen (O2) is essential for all complex, eukaryotic life. Because under- (hypoxia) or overexposure (hyperoxia) to O2 can be detrimental, achieving the ideal balance is crucial for human survival. In this perspective, we discuss the fundamental role of hemoglobin in O2 transport and tissue oxygenation. We also discuss the role that O2. can play in oxidative stress, sometimes initiating inflammatory cascades in vulnerable individuals, such as those with deficiencies in antioxidant defenses or with immune dysregulation. Preterm newborns may be especially prone to such oxidative injury.