Objectives <p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with poor cognition. The association between BPD severity and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) has not been explored. We hypothesized increasing BPD severity is associated with increased risk of NDD.</p> Study design <p>We included infants born &lt;32 weeks’ gestation and birth weight &lt;1500 g from 2015 to 2020 and excluded patients lost to follow-up or deceased before three years old. 650 patients were analyzed. BPD severity was defined as respiratory support at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Risk factors of BPD were assessed. The primary outcome was composite NDD, including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, and/or learning disorders. Multiple logistic regression analyzed the association between BPD severity and outcomes, accounting for confounders.</p> Results <p>Increased BPD severity showed increased risk of NDD (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). In a reduced model, BPD severity remained significant (<i>p</i> = 0.037). Tracheostomy was a risk factor for NDD (<i>p</i> = 0.004).</p> Conclusions <p>BPD severity should prompt suspicion for future NDD.</p>