Growth trajectories and need for oral feeding support among infants with neonatal encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia

Identify feeding supports required among infants with neonatal encephalopathy and determine growth trajectories to 3 years.

Single-center retrospective cohort study of 120 infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. Logistic regression and stratified analyses identified whether clinical factors, EEG-determined encephalopathy severity, and MRI-based brain injury predict feeding supports (nasogastric tube, oral feeding compensations) and growth.

50.8% of infants required feeding supports in the hospital, decreasing to 14% at discharge. Moderate-to-severe encephalopathy and basal ganglia injury predicted feeding support needs. Yet, 35% of mildly encephalopathic infants required gavage tubes. Growth trajectories approximated expected growth of healthy infants.

Infants with neonatal encephalopathy—even if mild—frequently experience feeding difficulties during initial hospitalization. With support, most achieve full oral feeds by discharge and adequate early childhood growth. Clinical factors may help identify infants requiring feeding support, but do not detect all at-risk infants, supporting routine screening of this high-risk population.