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Background <p>While the association between indoor environmental factors (such as solid fuel use, home renovations, and building materials) and children’s allergic diseases has been widely studied, the role of occupants’ behavioral factors in these diseases remains unclear.</p> Objectives <p>To examine the associations between indoor ventilation, device usage, and family hygiene habits with childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema in preschool children.</p> Methods <p>This is the first study to employ weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to assess the associations between mixed household exposures and childhood allergic diseases. We analyzed data from 9086 children aged 3 to 6 years in Wuhan, China.</p> Results <p>In WQS models, opening windows during sleep in winter (weighted index: 0.28 for AR and 0.15 for eczema) and summer (weighted index: 0.17 for AR and 0.19 for eczema), along with the frequency of room cleaning (weighted index: 0.22 for AR and 0.34 for eczema) were associated with decreased odds of childhood AR (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.93) and eczema (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.84). Conversely, using air cleaners (weighted index: 0.38 for AR and 0.28 for eczema) and air conditioners (weighted index: 0.27 for AR and 0.25 for eczema) was associated with increased odds of childhood AR (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.27) and eczema (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.72).</p> Significance <p>Through WQS models, this study indicates that mixed exposure to household behaviors, particularly cleaning, opening windows, and use of air cleaners and conditioners, was significantly associated with the odds of childhood AR and eczema. Although these cross-sectional findings cannot establish causality, they highlight that the combined effects of behavioral factors are complex in real-life settings and suggest potential behavioral targets for future research on the prevention and management of childhood allergic diseases.</p> Impact <p>Using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models, this study revealed complex associations between mixed exposures to indoor environmental factors and childhood allergic diseases. Frequent room cleaning was associated with decreased odds of childhood allergic rhinitis and eczema. Moreover, the relationship between opening windows when sleeping and childhood allergic diseases varied by season, with opening windows in both summer and winter associated with decreased odds. Conversely, using air cleaners and air conditioners was associated with increased odds of these conditions. These cross-sectional findings cannot establish causality but identify potential targets for future investigation.</p>

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Associations of mixed exposure to family hygiene practices, indoor ventilation, and device use with childhood allergic diseases: A cross-sectional study in Wuhan, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Zhiniping Zhou,
  • Quanlong Ren,
  • Haoran Tang,
  • Yunquan Zhang,
  • Xingyue Geng,
  • Rui Li,
  • Yaqin Zhang,
  • Chuansha Wu,
  • Ling Zhang

摘要

Background

While the association between indoor environmental factors (such as solid fuel use, home renovations, and building materials) and children’s allergic diseases has been widely studied, the role of occupants’ behavioral factors in these diseases remains unclear.

Objectives

To examine the associations between indoor ventilation, device usage, and family hygiene habits with childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema in preschool children.

Methods

This is the first study to employ weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to assess the associations between mixed household exposures and childhood allergic diseases. We analyzed data from 9086 children aged 3 to 6 years in Wuhan, China.

Results

In WQS models, opening windows during sleep in winter (weighted index: 0.28 for AR and 0.15 for eczema) and summer (weighted index: 0.17 for AR and 0.19 for eczema), along with the frequency of room cleaning (weighted index: 0.22 for AR and 0.34 for eczema) were associated with decreased odds of childhood AR (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.93) and eczema (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.84). Conversely, using air cleaners (weighted index: 0.38 for AR and 0.28 for eczema) and air conditioners (weighted index: 0.27 for AR and 0.25 for eczema) was associated with increased odds of childhood AR (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.27) and eczema (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.72).

Significance

Through WQS models, this study indicates that mixed exposure to household behaviors, particularly cleaning, opening windows, and use of air cleaners and conditioners, was significantly associated with the odds of childhood AR and eczema. Although these cross-sectional findings cannot establish causality, they highlight that the combined effects of behavioral factors are complex in real-life settings and suggest potential behavioral targets for future research on the prevention and management of childhood allergic diseases.

Impact

Using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models, this study revealed complex associations between mixed exposures to indoor environmental factors and childhood allergic diseases. Frequent room cleaning was associated with decreased odds of childhood allergic rhinitis and eczema. Moreover, the relationship between opening windows when sleeping and childhood allergic diseases varied by season, with opening windows in both summer and winter associated with decreased odds. Conversely, using air cleaners and air conditioners was associated with increased odds of these conditions. These cross-sectional findings cannot establish causality but identify potential targets for future investigation.