Background <p>Assessing environmental chemical health risks requires accounting for a range of factors that influence risk, including exposure to multiple chemicals, biological factors, and non-chemical stressors, such as socioeconomic status, access to health care, and discrimination. Exposure to non-chemical stressors can interact with or modify the effects of chemical exposures on adverse health outcomes, making them a critical component of cumulative risk assessment. However, incorporating this research into evidence-based decision-making, including cumulative risk assessment approaches, requires a comprehensive evaluation of the literature to understand the magnitude of non-chemical stressors' impact on the exposure-outcome relationship.</p> Objective <p>To conduct an overview of reviews to identify, evaluate, and summarize the body of evidence on this topic in published systematic and scoping reviews.</p> Methods <p>We pre-published our study protocol, conducted a systematic literature search, and we reviewed and extracted data from eligible studies, using the Navigation Guide Methodology for Systematic Review. We adapted and used the AMSTAR 2.0 tool to evaluate and rate the quality of environmental health studies.</p> Results <p>We identified 13 systematic and five scoping reviews that met our pre-defined eligibility criteria. All reviews evaluated human epidemiologic evidence, and one evaluated human and animal evidence. Three reviews were of moderate quality, four reviews were of low quality, and 11 reviews were critically low. We summarized the findings from reviews rated as low or moderate quality (<i>n</i> = 7). The most common exposure was air pollution. Studies described a broad range of outcomes and used varied definitions and conceptualizations of non-chemical stressors, including using race ethnicity as an indicator of social stress or socioeconomic status (SES) or using direct and indirect measures of SES, such as health insurance status and median household income. Two reviews with certainty assessments found an increased association with adverse health outcomes when environmental chemical and non-chemical stressors were considered together versus individually.</p> Impact <p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>Current risk assessment methods fail to account for the combined effect of chemical and non-chemical stressors. Consolidating systematic reviews on the influence of extrinsic non-chemical stressors can facilitate the development of risk assessment methods that account for their impact.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p>