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Background <p>Accurate estimates of personal exposure to ambient air pollution are difficult to obtain and epidemiological studies generally rely on residence-based estimates, averaged spatially and temporally, derived from monitoring networks or models. Few epidemiological studies have compared the associated health effects of personal exposure and residence-based estimates.</p> Objective <p>To evaluate the association between exposure to air pollution and cognitive function using exposure estimates taking mobility and location into account.</p> Methods <p>Residence-based dispersion model estimates of ambient NO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were assigned to 768 London-dwelling participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The London Hybrid Exposure Model was implemented to adjust estimates per pollutant to reflect the estimated time-activity patterns of each participant based on age and residential location. Single pollutant linear mixed-effects models were fit for both exposure assessment methods to investigate the associations between assigned pollutant concentrations and cognitive function over a follow-up period of up to 15 years.</p> Results <p>Increased long-term exposures to residence-based ambient NO<sub>2</sub> (IQR: 11.10 µg/m<sup>3</sup>), PM<sub>10</sub> (2.35 µg/m<sup>3</sup>), and PM<sub>2.5</sub> (2.50 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) were associated with decreases of −0.10 [95% CI: −0.20, 0.00], −0.07 [−0.11, −0.02] and −0.14 [−0.21, −0.06], respectively, in composite memory score. Similar decreases were observed for executive function scores (−0.38 [−0.58, −0.18], −0.11 [−0.20, −0.02] and −0.14 [−0.29, 0.01], respectively). When applying personalised exposure estimates, which were substantially lower, similar decreases were observed for composite memory score per IQR, but a consistent pattern of slightly more adverse effects with executive function score was evident.</p> Impact Statement <p>The present study constructed a framework through which time-activity information derived from a representative sample could be applied to estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations assigned to individuals in epidemiological cohort studies, with the intention of adjusting commonly used residence-based estimates to reflect population mobility and time spent in various microenvironments. Estimates of exposure were markedly lower when incorporating time-activity, likely because people in European populations spend a large proportion of their time indoors, where their exposure to ambient air pollution may be reduced through infiltration, which is not taken into account in residence-based ambient estimates. Further work into such methods could provide insights into the efficacy of personalising exposure estimates.</p>

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Personalised estimation of exposure to ambient air pollution and application in a longitudinal cohort analysis of cognitive function in London-dwelling older adults

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月14日

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  • Dylan Wood,
  • Dimitris Evangelopoulos,
  • Nutthida Kitwiroon,
  • Gregor Stewart,
  • Tuan Vu,
  • James Smith,
  • Sean Beevers,
  • Klea Katsouyanni

摘要

Background

Accurate estimates of personal exposure to ambient air pollution are difficult to obtain and epidemiological studies generally rely on residence-based estimates, averaged spatially and temporally, derived from monitoring networks or models. Few epidemiological studies have compared the associated health effects of personal exposure and residence-based estimates.

Objective

To evaluate the association between exposure to air pollution and cognitive function using exposure estimates taking mobility and location into account.

Methods

Residence-based dispersion model estimates of ambient NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 were assigned to 768 London-dwelling participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The London Hybrid Exposure Model was implemented to adjust estimates per pollutant to reflect the estimated time-activity patterns of each participant based on age and residential location. Single pollutant linear mixed-effects models were fit for both exposure assessment methods to investigate the associations between assigned pollutant concentrations and cognitive function over a follow-up period of up to 15 years.

Results

Increased long-term exposures to residence-based ambient NO2 (IQR: 11.10 µg/m3), PM10 (2.35 µg/m3), and PM2.5 (2.50 µg/m3) were associated with decreases of −0.10 [95% CI: −0.20, 0.00], −0.07 [−0.11, −0.02] and −0.14 [−0.21, −0.06], respectively, in composite memory score. Similar decreases were observed for executive function scores (−0.38 [−0.58, −0.18], −0.11 [−0.20, −0.02] and −0.14 [−0.29, 0.01], respectively). When applying personalised exposure estimates, which were substantially lower, similar decreases were observed for composite memory score per IQR, but a consistent pattern of slightly more adverse effects with executive function score was evident.

Impact Statement

The present study constructed a framework through which time-activity information derived from a representative sample could be applied to estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations assigned to individuals in epidemiological cohort studies, with the intention of adjusting commonly used residence-based estimates to reflect population mobility and time spent in various microenvironments. Estimates of exposure were markedly lower when incorporating time-activity, likely because people in European populations spend a large proportion of their time indoors, where their exposure to ambient air pollution may be reduced through infiltration, which is not taken into account in residence-based ambient estimates. Further work into such methods could provide insights into the efficacy of personalising exposure estimates.