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Objective <p>To evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive cognitive intervention as an add-on to a standard behavioral weight-loss intervention (BWLI) in improving anthropometric measures in individuals with excess weight.</p> Participants <p>This randomized controlled trial included 148 participants (126 women; mean BMI = 31.62 kg/m²); 86.5% participants (<i>n</i> = 128) completed the study.</p> Methods <p>Participants were randomized into three groups: (1) Cognitive group (received four cognitive trainings: inhibitory control, approach-avoidance bias modification, implementation intentions, and episodic future thinking); (2) Sham group (received placebo cognitive interventions); and (3) Control group (no cognitive intervention). All three groups received BWLI. Cognitive trainings were delivered through four consecutive 90-min online group sessions. BMI, weight, percentage of weight loss (%WL), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Mixed 3 (group) × 3 (time point) analysis were conducted to examine changes over time and between groups. Chi-squared test was used to explore group differences in reaching a clinically meaningful %WL.</p> Results <p>Significant group-by-time effects interactions were found for BMI (<i>p</i> = 0.009), weight (<i>p</i> = 0.003), %WL (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and WHtR (<i>p</i> = 0.041). Post hoc analyses showed greater reductions in all anthropometric measures in the Cognitive group compared to the Control group at post-intervention and at both follow-ups. Further, only the Cognitive group showed significant improvements over time. At 6-month follow-up, effect sizes were moderate in the Cognitive group, small in the Sham group, and negligible to small in the Control group. A higher proportion of participants in the Cognitive group achieved a clinically meaningful %WL.</p> Conclusions <p>A comprehensive cognitive training delivered as an add-on to BWLI improved anthropometric outcomes in individuals with excess weight, with sustained effects over 6 months.</p>

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Comprehensive cognitive training improves anthropometric measures in people with excess weight: the TRAINEP randomized controlled trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Lucía Solier-López,
  • Raquel González-González,
  • Alfonso Caracuel,
  • Antonio Verdejo-García,
  • José A. Puertas-González,
  • Raquel Vilar-López

摘要

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive cognitive intervention as an add-on to a standard behavioral weight-loss intervention (BWLI) in improving anthropometric measures in individuals with excess weight.

Participants

This randomized controlled trial included 148 participants (126 women; mean BMI = 31.62 kg/m²); 86.5% participants (n = 128) completed the study.

Methods

Participants were randomized into three groups: (1) Cognitive group (received four cognitive trainings: inhibitory control, approach-avoidance bias modification, implementation intentions, and episodic future thinking); (2) Sham group (received placebo cognitive interventions); and (3) Control group (no cognitive intervention). All three groups received BWLI. Cognitive trainings were delivered through four consecutive 90-min online group sessions. BMI, weight, percentage of weight loss (%WL), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Mixed 3 (group) × 3 (time point) analysis were conducted to examine changes over time and between groups. Chi-squared test was used to explore group differences in reaching a clinically meaningful %WL.

Results

Significant group-by-time effects interactions were found for BMI (p = 0.009), weight (p = 0.003), %WL (p = 0.004) and WHtR (p = 0.041). Post hoc analyses showed greater reductions in all anthropometric measures in the Cognitive group compared to the Control group at post-intervention and at both follow-ups. Further, only the Cognitive group showed significant improvements over time. At 6-month follow-up, effect sizes were moderate in the Cognitive group, small in the Sham group, and negligible to small in the Control group. A higher proportion of participants in the Cognitive group achieved a clinically meaningful %WL.

Conclusions

A comprehensive cognitive training delivered as an add-on to BWLI improved anthropometric outcomes in individuals with excess weight, with sustained effects over 6 months.