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Background <p>There is a great need for determining the effectiveness of telephone-based early obesity interventions targeting preschool-aged children. This was particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic when most face-to-face health promotion programs were suspended. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a two-year telephone-based intervention on body mass index (BMI), eating habits, active play, and screen time behaviours among preschool-aged children.</p> Methods <p>We conducted an extension study to a randomised controlled trial (RCT) with 662 mother-child dyads at ages 2–3 years in 2019–20 in the Greater Sydney metropolitan area of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. In 2020–22, we extended the RCT for another two years, with one-year intervention (3–4 years) and one-year follow-up (4–5 years). Participants remained in the same group allocation as the original trial. The intervention comprised five nurse-led telephone support calls and SMS plus mailed intervention booklets to mothers to promote the health behaviours of their children from ages 2 to 4 years. The primary outcome was children’s BMI, with weight and height measured at ages 3, 4, and 5 years. We conducted intention-to-treat analysis with a multiple imputation approach. Mixed linear models were built to compare the outcomes between intervention and control groups. Sub-group analysis by household income was also conducted.</p> Results <p>Of the 662 mothers, 537 (81%), 491 (74%), and 405 (61%) completed the assessments when their children were 3, 4, and 5 years old. The intervention was significantly associated with a lower mean BMI: 15.90 (SE 0.08) vs. 16.20 (SE 0.08), difference −0.30 (95% CI: −0.59 to −0.01, <i>P</i> = 0.039). This association was stronger among low-income families, difference −0.57 (95% CI: −1.05 to −0.10, <i>P</i> = 0.018).</p> Conclusions <p>The two-year telephone-based intervention was associated with decreased mean BMI of preschool-aged children. Telephone-based support for mothers could reduce obesity risk in preschool-aged children, particularly among low-income families.</p> Trial registration <p>The original RCT is registered with the Australian Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12618001571268).</p>

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Effectiveness of a telephone-based randomised clinical trial targeting obesity risk of preschool-aged children: An extension study during the COVID-19 pandemic

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Li Ming Wen,
  • Huilan Xu,
  • Zoe Chen,
  • Alison Hayes,
  • Philayrath Phongsavan,
  • Sarah Taki,
  • Erin Kerr,
  • Danielle Jawad,
  • Lisa Simone,
  • Chris Rissel,
  • Louise A. Baur

摘要

Background

There is a great need for determining the effectiveness of telephone-based early obesity interventions targeting preschool-aged children. This was particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic when most face-to-face health promotion programs were suspended. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a two-year telephone-based intervention on body mass index (BMI), eating habits, active play, and screen time behaviours among preschool-aged children.

Methods

We conducted an extension study to a randomised controlled trial (RCT) with 662 mother-child dyads at ages 2–3 years in 2019–20 in the Greater Sydney metropolitan area of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. In 2020–22, we extended the RCT for another two years, with one-year intervention (3–4 years) and one-year follow-up (4–5 years). Participants remained in the same group allocation as the original trial. The intervention comprised five nurse-led telephone support calls and SMS plus mailed intervention booklets to mothers to promote the health behaviours of their children from ages 2 to 4 years. The primary outcome was children’s BMI, with weight and height measured at ages 3, 4, and 5 years. We conducted intention-to-treat analysis with a multiple imputation approach. Mixed linear models were built to compare the outcomes between intervention and control groups. Sub-group analysis by household income was also conducted.

Results

Of the 662 mothers, 537 (81%), 491 (74%), and 405 (61%) completed the assessments when their children were 3, 4, and 5 years old. The intervention was significantly associated with a lower mean BMI: 15.90 (SE 0.08) vs. 16.20 (SE 0.08), difference −0.30 (95% CI: −0.59 to −0.01, P = 0.039). This association was stronger among low-income families, difference −0.57 (95% CI: −1.05 to −0.10, P = 0.018).

Conclusions

The two-year telephone-based intervention was associated with decreased mean BMI of preschool-aged children. Telephone-based support for mothers could reduce obesity risk in preschool-aged children, particularly among low-income families.

Trial registration

The original RCT is registered with the Australian Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12618001571268).