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<p>To mitigate the cracking and surface weathering of outdoor cultural relics caused by temperature fluctuations, a protective structure based on phase change materials (PCMs) was proposed for non-destructive heritage conservation. Using octadecane as the matrix, composite phase change materials (CPCMs) doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles at different mass fractions were fabricated via a two-step method, and their thermal properties were investigated. The results showed that the addition of thermally conductive nanoparticles barely altered the melting point of the CPCMs. CPCM5, the optimal CPCM, achieved an 8-h phase change duration, a 1.5-h peak temperature delay, and a 5 °C peak temperature reduction in thermal cycling tests. COMSOL simulations, validated by SPSS analysis, obtained a standard error of 1.86. This dual-functional CPCM structure provides effective protection for outdoor heritage in the event of severe temperature variations.</p><p></p>

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Temperature regulation for outdoor cultural relics using PCM-based protective structures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Shixiang Xu,
  • Jia Feng,
  • Qinglan Gao,
  • Tianhua Meng,
  • Yirui Yue,
  • Qiang Zhao,
  • Chunhua Yang,
  • Weidong Hu

摘要

To mitigate the cracking and surface weathering of outdoor cultural relics caused by temperature fluctuations, a protective structure based on phase change materials (PCMs) was proposed for non-destructive heritage conservation. Using octadecane as the matrix, composite phase change materials (CPCMs) doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles at different mass fractions were fabricated via a two-step method, and their thermal properties were investigated. The results showed that the addition of thermally conductive nanoparticles barely altered the melting point of the CPCMs. CPCM5, the optimal CPCM, achieved an 8-h phase change duration, a 1.5-h peak temperature delay, and a 5 °C peak temperature reduction in thermal cycling tests. COMSOL simulations, validated by SPSS analysis, obtained a standard error of 1.86. This dual-functional CPCM structure provides effective protection for outdoor heritage in the event of severe temperature variations.