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<p>Egg-shaped kiln firing was central to Jingdezhen porcelain production, but its empirical thermotechnical logic and product-response mechanisms remain insufficiently explained. A representative kiln was investigated using historical and archaeological evidence, experimental archaeology, in-situ thermal monitoring, firing records, and celadon-glaze test pieces. The firing comprised drying, oxidative heating, and reduction stages. Kiln temperatures were 1200–1350 °C, with maximum longitudinal and vertical differences of approximately 150 and 50 °C, respectively. During reduction, H₂, CO and O₂ were mainly 2–8, 3–9 and 3–7 vol%, with temperature and reducing gases higher at the front and upper kiln. Thermal variations affected glaze melting, crystallisation, and iron speciation, producing opaque green, transparent green and brown-black celadon glazes. Position-specific loading and staged regulation of fuel charging, airflow, and fuel moisture matched kiln conditions to firing requirements, providing evidence for conserving and reconstructing traditional porcelain-kiln firing.</p>

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Interpreting the firing technology logic of the Jingdezhen egg-shaped kiln through experimental archaeology

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Caishui Jiang,
  • Junming Wu,
  • Lingfei Yu,
  • Tianwei Zhao,
  • Ting Luo,
  • Guangyao Wang,
  • Naizhang Zheng

摘要

Egg-shaped kiln firing was central to Jingdezhen porcelain production, but its empirical thermotechnical logic and product-response mechanisms remain insufficiently explained. A representative kiln was investigated using historical and archaeological evidence, experimental archaeology, in-situ thermal monitoring, firing records, and celadon-glaze test pieces. The firing comprised drying, oxidative heating, and reduction stages. Kiln temperatures were 1200–1350 °C, with maximum longitudinal and vertical differences of approximately 150 and 50 °C, respectively. During reduction, H₂, CO and O₂ were mainly 2–8, 3–9 and 3–7 vol%, with temperature and reducing gases higher at the front and upper kiln. Thermal variations affected glaze melting, crystallisation, and iron speciation, producing opaque green, transparent green and brown-black celadon glazes. Position-specific loading and staged regulation of fuel charging, airflow, and fuel moisture matched kiln conditions to firing requirements, providing evidence for conserving and reconstructing traditional porcelain-kiln firing.