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<p>The lacquer Lian decorated with gold and silver from Fengpengling site (Hunan, China), dating to the Han Dynasty, was analyzed by digital microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and Py-GC/MS. The results confirm that it was made with the gold foil appliqué technique. The black decoration was present on the gold foil, with carbon black as pigment. And silver sulfide as a corrosion product on the silver foil. Cross-sectional analysis revealed a complex six-layer structure: finish layer, mortar layer, body layer, mortar layer, finish layer, color layer. The identification of hydroxyapatite, carbon and quartz as fillers indicates animal bone ashes and clay minerals were employed in the mortar layer. Lacquer and drying oil were used as binders in the mortar layer, while lacquer served as the primary component in the finishing layer. Cinnabar was used as the red pigment in the color layer.</p>

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Multi-analytical investigation of the Western Han Dynasty Lacquer Lian from Hunan, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Wei Shen,
  • Chengguang Jiang,
  • Cunchong Sun,
  • Zhouqin Di,
  • Xiaopan Fan

摘要

The lacquer Lian decorated with gold and silver from Fengpengling site (Hunan, China), dating to the Han Dynasty, was analyzed by digital microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and Py-GC/MS. The results confirm that it was made with the gold foil appliqué technique. The black decoration was present on the gold foil, with carbon black as pigment. And silver sulfide as a corrosion product on the silver foil. Cross-sectional analysis revealed a complex six-layer structure: finish layer, mortar layer, body layer, mortar layer, finish layer, color layer. The identification of hydroxyapatite, carbon and quartz as fillers indicates animal bone ashes and clay minerals were employed in the mortar layer. Lacquer and drying oil were used as binders in the mortar layer, while lacquer served as the primary component in the finishing layer. Cinnabar was used as the red pigment in the color layer.