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<p>Moisture-related damage is a major cause of deterioration in earthen heritage sites, creating an urgent need for effective moisture-regulating materials and evaluation frameworks. In this study, superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were investigated as moisture-regulating agents, and the effects of SAP type and dosage on nine performance indices, including key moisture-related parameters and overall stability indicators, were evaluated. Meanwhile, a subjective–objective integrated framework based on partial least squares structural equation modelling and multi-criteria decision making was established. The results show that an intermediate dosage of 0.3–0.5 wt% significantly improves moisture regulation while maintaining controllable trade-offs in appearance and vapour permeability. By contrast, 0.1 wt% provides insufficient regulation, whereas 1 wt% increases penalties and reduces marginal benefit. This study provides empirical support for SAP-based moisture regulation in earthen heritage and proposes a general evaluation framework for conservation materials.</p>

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PLS-MCDM-based evaluation of consolidation materials for earthen heritage sites: moisture regulation and overall consolidation performance of SAP

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Senbiao Liu,
  • Yifan Zhang,
  • Miao Li,
  • Yuxing Qin,
  • Xuelin Li,
  • Jing He,
  • Xichen Zhao,
  • Jianxi Li,
  • Jianfeng Zhu

摘要

Moisture-related damage is a major cause of deterioration in earthen heritage sites, creating an urgent need for effective moisture-regulating materials and evaluation frameworks. In this study, superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were investigated as moisture-regulating agents, and the effects of SAP type and dosage on nine performance indices, including key moisture-related parameters and overall stability indicators, were evaluated. Meanwhile, a subjective–objective integrated framework based on partial least squares structural equation modelling and multi-criteria decision making was established. The results show that an intermediate dosage of 0.3–0.5 wt% significantly improves moisture regulation while maintaining controllable trade-offs in appearance and vapour permeability. By contrast, 0.1 wt% provides insufficient regulation, whereas 1 wt% increases penalties and reduces marginal benefit. This study provides empirical support for SAP-based moisture regulation in earthen heritage and proposes a general evaluation framework for conservation materials.