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<p>This study investigates the causes of degradation in organ pipes with low lead content. Using light This study investigates the causes of degradation in organ pipes with low lead content. Using light optical microscopy, SEM/EDS, and TEM/EDS, intermetallic Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub>, FeSn<sub>2</sub>, Sn<sub>4</sub>As<sub>3</sub>, and Pb particles were observed in the structure of SnPb alloys. Degradation of the low-Pb organ metal, which is primarily caused by the selective corrosion of lead occurring due to the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Another factor leading to degradation is the structural transformation of tin occurring at low temperatures (tin pest). TEM/EDS allowed the unique observation of α-tin particles found in a β-tin matrix at room temperature. The presence of particles of α‑tin in historical organ pipes has not previously been reported, and it is the first presented observation of all.</p>

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Causes of degradation of organ pipes with very low lead content

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月3日

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  • Sarka Msallamova,
  • Tomas Aliger,
  • Kateryna Popova,
  • Matin Friak,
  • Pavla Roupcova,
  • Dominika Fink,
  • Kristina Charlotte Strachotova,
  • Jan Ilavsky,
  • Alena Michalcova

摘要

This study investigates the causes of degradation in organ pipes with low lead content. Using light This study investigates the causes of degradation in organ pipes with low lead content. Using light optical microscopy, SEM/EDS, and TEM/EDS, intermetallic Cu6Sn5, FeSn2, Sn4As3, and Pb particles were observed in the structure of SnPb alloys. Degradation of the low-Pb organ metal, which is primarily caused by the selective corrosion of lead occurring due to the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Another factor leading to degradation is the structural transformation of tin occurring at low temperatures (tin pest). TEM/EDS allowed the unique observation of α-tin particles found in a β-tin matrix at room temperature. The presence of particles of α‑tin in historical organ pipes has not previously been reported, and it is the first presented observation of all.