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<p>Chronic marine salt spray exposure critically alters pore structure and hygrothermal performance of historic building materials. This study investigates the humidity-dependent water vapor permeability (<i>δ</i><sub>v</sub>) of cement mortar with salt deposition. Using accelerated salt spray testing (35 cycles) and cup tests across humidity gradients, cement mortar exhibited opposing <i>δ</i><sub>v</sub> responses: a reduction of 1.86 × 10<sup>–</sup>1<sup>2</sup> kg/(m s Pa) under low humidity from pore blockage, and an increase of 1.98 × 10<sup>–11</sup> kg/(m s Pa) at high humidity from brine migration. A predictive piecewise model (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.95) incorporating salt content and ambient humidity thresholds was developed. MIP and SEM analyses revealed NaCl crystallization preferentially occupying 0.02–0.12 μm pores within the top 2 mm, reducing porosity by 42% while creating dual transport modes: pore occlusion (dry) and interconnected brine networks (humid). These findings provide a framework for predicting moisture dynamics in porous materials under salt spray climates, enabling improved hygrothermal simulations for coastal historic buildings.</p>

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Evolution of moisture transport properties in cement mortar under marine salt spray environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Bing Li,
  • Xiyang Dai,
  • Simin He,
  • Saierjiang Halike,
  • Feng Shi,
  • Jean-Marc Tulliani,
  • Junsong Wang,
  • Qinglin Meng

摘要

Chronic marine salt spray exposure critically alters pore structure and hygrothermal performance of historic building materials. This study investigates the humidity-dependent water vapor permeability (δv) of cement mortar with salt deposition. Using accelerated salt spray testing (35 cycles) and cup tests across humidity gradients, cement mortar exhibited opposing δv responses: a reduction of 1.86 × 10–12 kg/(m s Pa) under low humidity from pore blockage, and an increase of 1.98 × 10–11 kg/(m s Pa) at high humidity from brine migration. A predictive piecewise model (R² > 0.95) incorporating salt content and ambient humidity thresholds was developed. MIP and SEM analyses revealed NaCl crystallization preferentially occupying 0.02–0.12 μm pores within the top 2 mm, reducing porosity by 42% while creating dual transport modes: pore occlusion (dry) and interconnected brine networks (humid). These findings provide a framework for predicting moisture dynamics in porous materials under salt spray climates, enabling improved hygrothermal simulations for coastal historic buildings.