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<p>Yongyou Temple at the Chengde Mountain Resort (China) was built under the Qianlong emperor (1751–1771). Its Sarira Pagoda is an octagonal nine-storey brick–stone tower whose exterior eaves zone is articulated by brick-and-stone imitation-timber components. We combine in situ structural survey with X-ray diffraction (XRD), petrographic thin-section microscopy, thermomechanical analysis (TMA), micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) and I2–KI staining to characterise component materials, mortars and assembly logic. Chuanwang and dougong are monolithic carvings of crystal- and glass-rich volcaniclastic tuff, whereas e-fang and bawangquan were executed on high-fired brick cores containing &gt;50% amorphous phase and mullite/cristobalite. TMA constrains firing to ~900–1000 °C. Joint mortars are high-calcium lime-based, with intentional sand additions and occasional starch-bearing organic signals. This study excludes other exterior eaves elements like glazed flat-body bracket sets and focuses on selected brick-and-stone imitation-timber components.</p>

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Materials and installation of the brick-and-stone imitation timber components in the Yongyou Temple Sarira Pagoda

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Weiqiang Zhou,
  • Hanting Li,
  • Yuanzhe Liu,
  • Haifeng Bai,
  • Xiaomeng Liu,
  • Pengfei Zhang,
  • Yang Yu

摘要

Yongyou Temple at the Chengde Mountain Resort (China) was built under the Qianlong emperor (1751–1771). Its Sarira Pagoda is an octagonal nine-storey brick–stone tower whose exterior eaves zone is articulated by brick-and-stone imitation-timber components. We combine in situ structural survey with X-ray diffraction (XRD), petrographic thin-section microscopy, thermomechanical analysis (TMA), micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) and I2–KI staining to characterise component materials, mortars and assembly logic. Chuanwang and dougong are monolithic carvings of crystal- and glass-rich volcaniclastic tuff, whereas e-fang and bawangquan were executed on high-fired brick cores containing >50% amorphous phase and mullite/cristobalite. TMA constrains firing to ~900–1000 °C. Joint mortars are high-calcium lime-based, with intentional sand additions and occasional starch-bearing organic signals. This study excludes other exterior eaves elements like glazed flat-body bracket sets and focuses on selected brick-and-stone imitation-timber components.