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<p>Microbial biodeterioration threatens the long-term preservation of paper-based cultural relics. Although vacuum nitrogen sterilization is widely used in conservation, its effects on the indigenous microbiome remain unclear. This study analyzed microbial community structure and function in three paper relics from the Central Soviet Area (Minxi) History Museum before and after vacuum nitrogen sterilization using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. The results demonstrate that vacuum nitrogen sterilization significantly increased microbial α-diversity and altered community composition. The dominant fungal phylum shifted from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria markedly declined. Functional predictions further revealed a shift in fungal nutritional strategies from saprophytic to ectomycorrhizal modes, accompanied by a reduced potential for cellulose and lignin degradation and an increased propensity for fermentation metabolism and resting spore formation. This study advances understanding of sterilization-induced microbial dynamics in paper-based relics.</p>

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Impact of vacuum nitrogen sterilization on the microbial community structure of paper-based cultural relics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Binbin Miao,
  • Jin Dong,
  • Zhanyun Zhu,
  • Tingshui Zhu,
  • Honglian Wu,
  • Shuhong Zou,
  • Nuo Zhang,
  • Bangde Jiang,
  • Menglian Ding

摘要

Microbial biodeterioration threatens the long-term preservation of paper-based cultural relics. Although vacuum nitrogen sterilization is widely used in conservation, its effects on the indigenous microbiome remain unclear. This study analyzed microbial community structure and function in three paper relics from the Central Soviet Area (Minxi) History Museum before and after vacuum nitrogen sterilization using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. The results demonstrate that vacuum nitrogen sterilization significantly increased microbial α-diversity and altered community composition. The dominant fungal phylum shifted from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria markedly declined. Functional predictions further revealed a shift in fungal nutritional strategies from saprophytic to ectomycorrhizal modes, accompanied by a reduced potential for cellulose and lignin degradation and an increased propensity for fermentation metabolism and resting spore formation. This study advances understanding of sterilization-induced microbial dynamics in paper-based relics.