<p>The evaluation of archeological heritage comprehensive utilization potential (CUP) is essential for heritage value recognition, conservation, and sustainable regional development. This study examines 125 archeological heritages in Henan section of the Yellow River basin and develops a CUP evaluation system across three dimensions: core value, existing conditions, and regional context. Spatial distribution of CUP is analyzed at watershed and administrative scales. Results show that: (1) overall CUP is generally low with significant differentiation, only 8% classified as high-potential; (2) driving mechanisms vary by potential type: high-potential heritages are primarily driven by core value, medium-potential heritages by existing conditions, and low-potential heritages benefit from regional context advantages; (3) CUP spatially clusters along watersheds and exhibits notable administrative gradient differences. The proposed multidimensional evaluation framework provides a scientific basis for differentiated heritage management and supports systematic integration and high-quality development of cultural heritage in the Henan section of the Yellow River basin.</p>