<p>Archive storage boxes are preventive tools used by museums and archives to mitigate the impact of adverse external factors. In this study, quaternized chitosan and polyacrylamide double-network gel were used to load sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, which was then combined with paper fibers to produce storage boxes. By analyzing the physiological and biochemical changes of microbial cells and the microenvironment around the boxes, the antifungal effect of these storage boxes was explored. In addition to physical barrier function, the storage boxes can damage the permeability and morphological structure of mold spore membranes. They inhibit mold reproduction by affecting metabolic pathways such as protein synthesis, which can significantly reduce the number of microorganisms and the proportion of dominant bacterial species in library environments. This enhances the ability of the collection environment to resist harmful organisms and reduces the incidence of microbial diseases in cultural relic collections.</p>