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<p>The hard yellow paper is one of the few surviving famous Chinese papers from more than a thousand years ago. In order to ascertain the development of materials and craft-making, including the utilization of fiber, dyeing, and coating, 24 paper relics from the Tang Dynasty sourced from Gansu Provincial Museum have been subjected to comprehensive observation and analysis via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The organic composition of paper coating can also be obtained by the micro-infrared spectrometer. According to the results, the hemp, ramie, and bark fibers are considered as raw materials; the smooth surface of hard yellow paper may be due to the improvement of the stamping and calendering process. The raw materials of paper may contain wheat starch, animal glue, berberine, palmatine, and phellodendrine. Finally, the hard yellow paper would be upgraded by stamping, sizing, calendaring, and surface coating from the Tang Dynasty.</p>

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Scientific research and new evidence of the materials and craft of hard yellow paper

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • Xianjing Zhou,
  • Yuchen Gong,
  • Ruxuan Zhao,
  • Yun Zhang,
  • An Gu,
  • Yajie Qu,
  • Qi Wang

摘要

The hard yellow paper is one of the few surviving famous Chinese papers from more than a thousand years ago. In order to ascertain the development of materials and craft-making, including the utilization of fiber, dyeing, and coating, 24 paper relics from the Tang Dynasty sourced from Gansu Provincial Museum have been subjected to comprehensive observation and analysis via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The organic composition of paper coating can also be obtained by the micro-infrared spectrometer. According to the results, the hemp, ramie, and bark fibers are considered as raw materials; the smooth surface of hard yellow paper may be due to the improvement of the stamping and calendering process. The raw materials of paper may contain wheat starch, animal glue, berberine, palmatine, and phellodendrine. Finally, the hard yellow paper would be upgraded by stamping, sizing, calendaring, and surface coating from the Tang Dynasty.