<p>How intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are regulated during inflammation remains largely unexplored, leading to a lack of effective treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). ISC-mediated intestinal epithelial regenerative repair can be regulated by intra-epithelial T lymphocytes, whose maturation is controlled by STAT5 dimeric or tetrameric activation. However, the mechanisms by which the T lymphocytes can protect ISCs are unclear. Here we hypothesize that tetrameric STAT5 regulates intra-crypt T cells to act as niche cells for ISC regeneration. Using IBD biospecimens, STAT5-hyperactive, tetramer-deficient mice and organoids, we found IBD–ulcerative colitis exhibited more crypt TCRγδ<sup>+</sup>STAT5<sup>+</sup> T cells and less ISC pluripotency than healthy patients. Compared with wild-type mice, depleting tetrameric STAT5 in mice significantly increased ISC-mediated intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, TCR gene signatures, crypt TCRγδ<sup>+</sup> T cells with elevated STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation (pYSTAT5) and IL-17A levels, amplified both Lgr5<sup>hi</sup> and Lgr5<sup>low</sup> ISC proliferation and promoted de novo crypt regeneration with increased TCRγδ<sup>+</sup> cell influx post irradiation or colitis. By contrast, depleting tetrameric STAT5 in organoids reduced ISC pluripotency and organoid growth post irradiation. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses with crypt cells revealed that depleting STAT5 tetramers decreased STAT5-binding on the <i>Metallothionein 1</i> (<i>Mt1</i>) locus in crypt T cells and increased <i>Mt1</i> expression, which leads to T cell migration into crypts and enhanced ISC regeneration. Together, the tetrameric STAT5 suppresses the formation of the crypt T cell niche. Interrupting STAT5 tetramers promotes the expansion of crypt TCRγδ cells, providing a target for promoting ISC regenerative repair during IBD–ulcerative colitis.</p>

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Tetrameric STAT5 regulates the formation of immune niche cells to protect stem cell regenerative repair against mucosal inflammation

  • Haifeng Li,
  • Xueli Ding,
  • Sabrina Fabec,
  • Ahmed Bakheet,
  • Wen Gao,
  • Mingquan Song,
  • Ruixue Liu,
  • Xiaonan Han

摘要

How intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are regulated during inflammation remains largely unexplored, leading to a lack of effective treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). ISC-mediated intestinal epithelial regenerative repair can be regulated by intra-epithelial T lymphocytes, whose maturation is controlled by STAT5 dimeric or tetrameric activation. However, the mechanisms by which the T lymphocytes can protect ISCs are unclear. Here we hypothesize that tetrameric STAT5 regulates intra-crypt T cells to act as niche cells for ISC regeneration. Using IBD biospecimens, STAT5-hyperactive, tetramer-deficient mice and organoids, we found IBD–ulcerative colitis exhibited more crypt TCRγδ+STAT5+ T cells and less ISC pluripotency than healthy patients. Compared with wild-type mice, depleting tetrameric STAT5 in mice significantly increased ISC-mediated intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, TCR gene signatures, crypt TCRγδ+ T cells with elevated STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation (pYSTAT5) and IL-17A levels, amplified both Lgr5hi and Lgr5low ISC proliferation and promoted de novo crypt regeneration with increased TCRγδ+ cell influx post irradiation or colitis. By contrast, depleting tetrameric STAT5 in organoids reduced ISC pluripotency and organoid growth post irradiation. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses with crypt cells revealed that depleting STAT5 tetramers decreased STAT5-binding on the Metallothionein 1 (Mt1) locus in crypt T cells and increased Mt1 expression, which leads to T cell migration into crypts and enhanced ISC regeneration. Together, the tetrameric STAT5 suppresses the formation of the crypt T cell niche. Interrupting STAT5 tetramers promotes the expansion of crypt TCRγδ cells, providing a target for promoting ISC regenerative repair during IBD–ulcerative colitis.