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<p>This study aims to investigate the water quality characteristics of Qaroun Lake and their impact on microbial diversity. Advanced analyses were conducted to assess the physicochemical and microbiological indicators during two seasons, winter (January 2022) and summer (July 2023), revealing insights into the Lake’s environmental conditions. Our results indicated that the water quality of the Lake was notably influenced by agricultural and municipal drainage from the surrounding communities. High values of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total alkalinity and a noticeable depletion in dissolved oxygen (DO) were observed. Furthermore, pollution from total and fecal coliforms and fecal <i>streptococci</i> exceeded the permissible limits, particularly during the winter season, implicating agricultural and sewage waste as significant contributors to this environmental challenge. The study also identified ten bacterial and fungal strains in the Lake through a bioinformatics approach, each exhibiting different 16S rRNA/18S rRNA gene sizes. All sequence data were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database (USA). The antibiotic resistance profiles of 246 bacterial isolates from 12 sites along the Lake were determined using 20 antibiotics. All bacterial isolates exhibited 100% resistance to Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Methicillin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin, and Clindamycin. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in bacterial isolates from all sites, possibly linked to sewage discharge and other anthropogenic sources in the Lake. The calculated water quality index (WQI) categorized Qaroun Lake water as “bad” aligning with the analytical data. The correlation coefficient matrix demonstrated several significant relationships between water quality pairs, highlighting a strong positive correlation (<i>r</i> = + 0.82) between physicochemical and bacteriological indicators in polluted Lake water. This study strongly recommends enforcing Egyptian laws to protect Qaroun Lake water from pollution, emphasizing the need to address the identified environmental challenges and preserve the region’s ecological balance.</p>

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Impact of water quality on the microbial diversity of Qaroun Lake, El-Fayoum, Egypt

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Mai Ali Mwaheb,
  • Mayar Hamed,
  • Emad Mustafa,
  • Hesham Abbas,
  • Mai Fouad,
  • Mohamed Ibrahim Azzam

摘要

This study aims to investigate the water quality characteristics of Qaroun Lake and their impact on microbial diversity. Advanced analyses were conducted to assess the physicochemical and microbiological indicators during two seasons, winter (January 2022) and summer (July 2023), revealing insights into the Lake’s environmental conditions. Our results indicated that the water quality of the Lake was notably influenced by agricultural and municipal drainage from the surrounding communities. High values of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total alkalinity and a noticeable depletion in dissolved oxygen (DO) were observed. Furthermore, pollution from total and fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci exceeded the permissible limits, particularly during the winter season, implicating agricultural and sewage waste as significant contributors to this environmental challenge. The study also identified ten bacterial and fungal strains in the Lake through a bioinformatics approach, each exhibiting different 16S rRNA/18S rRNA gene sizes. All sequence data were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database (USA). The antibiotic resistance profiles of 246 bacterial isolates from 12 sites along the Lake were determined using 20 antibiotics. All bacterial isolates exhibited 100% resistance to Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Methicillin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin, and Clindamycin. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in bacterial isolates from all sites, possibly linked to sewage discharge and other anthropogenic sources in the Lake. The calculated water quality index (WQI) categorized Qaroun Lake water as “bad” aligning with the analytical data. The correlation coefficient matrix demonstrated several significant relationships between water quality pairs, highlighting a strong positive correlation (r = + 0.82) between physicochemical and bacteriological indicators in polluted Lake water. This study strongly recommends enforcing Egyptian laws to protect Qaroun Lake water from pollution, emphasizing the need to address the identified environmental challenges and preserve the region’s ecological balance.