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<p>The Euphrates' ecosystem services provide food and livelihoods, and are an indicator of the river's health. The general methodology employed is the Integrated Biological Index (IBI) Protocol, with some modifications made according to regional conditions. The environment of two selected stations on the Euphrates River (north and south of the city of Samawah) was studied to demonstrate the role of human impacts on the river's environment. Biological criteria were established, and sites were prioritised for further evaluation to provide a reproducible assessment of environmental impact and to evaluate the status and trends of fish populations. A total of 24 fish species were obtained from the two these stations. The principal components analysis (PCA) shows the importance of four out of the six environmental factors were studied. Eleven units were selected from IBI, and PCA also clarified the effectiveness of only eight units, their importance varying according to the nature of station. The monthly (IBI) values varied between poor to fair, while the annual index values for the northern and southern stations were 50.95% and 47.71%, respectively, and were classified as fair environments. The results show that the selected environmental factors, along with the measures of the index, contributed to revealing changes in water quality, which in turn contributed to the monthly fluctuations in the (IBI) values. The data provided by the IBI can be used, especially after integrating the impact of environmental and biological factors in environmental rehabilitation, and a deeper understanding of management conservation policies to achieve sustainability and optimal use of ecosystem services.</p>

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Indicators and bio-monitoring of the Euphrates River environment near Samawah city using the Integrated Biological Index

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Ali Taha Yaseen,
  • Atheer Husain Ali,
  • Amjed Kadhum Resen,
  • Ammar Mudher Al-Helli,
  • Layla Abboud Aufy

摘要

The Euphrates' ecosystem services provide food and livelihoods, and are an indicator of the river's health. The general methodology employed is the Integrated Biological Index (IBI) Protocol, with some modifications made according to regional conditions. The environment of two selected stations on the Euphrates River (north and south of the city of Samawah) was studied to demonstrate the role of human impacts on the river's environment. Biological criteria were established, and sites were prioritised for further evaluation to provide a reproducible assessment of environmental impact and to evaluate the status and trends of fish populations. A total of 24 fish species were obtained from the two these stations. The principal components analysis (PCA) shows the importance of four out of the six environmental factors were studied. Eleven units were selected from IBI, and PCA also clarified the effectiveness of only eight units, their importance varying according to the nature of station. The monthly (IBI) values varied between poor to fair, while the annual index values for the northern and southern stations were 50.95% and 47.71%, respectively, and were classified as fair environments. The results show that the selected environmental factors, along with the measures of the index, contributed to revealing changes in water quality, which in turn contributed to the monthly fluctuations in the (IBI) values. The data provided by the IBI can be used, especially after integrating the impact of environmental and biological factors in environmental rehabilitation, and a deeper understanding of management conservation policies to achieve sustainability and optimal use of ecosystem services.