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<p>The conversion of biomass into functional carbon dots (CDs) offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach for the green fabrication of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. However, the inherent structural heterogeneity and batch-to-batch variability of biomass often result in unresolved surface chemistry and uneven distribution of anchoring sites on the resulting CDs. This, in turn, can cause uncontrolled aggregation of metal nanoparticles and consequently poor signal reproducibility in the final SERS substrates. To address these challenges, we designed <i>Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua</i> polysaccharide (PcH) as one of the precursors and introduced coordinative imine (-C = N-) motifs via Schiff-base condensation. These imine functionalities are retained during hydrothermal carbonization, and act as spatially defined coordination centers to guide uniform in-situ nucleation of Ag nanoparticles on the final CDs product. Further, the obtained Schiff-base-functionalized <i>Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua</i> polysaccharide-derived CDs coated with Ag nanoparticles (PcH-CDs-Ag) served as a sensitive SERS substrate for Rhodamine B (RhB), achieving a detection limit of 1 × 10<sup>− 10</sup> M and good signal reproducibility (Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) = 11.7%). Density functional theory calculations illustrate that the -C = N- motifs enhance Ag coordination and interfacial charge transfer, thereby revealing the intrinsic mechanistic origin of the observed SERS enhancement. This work demonstrates a molecular route to convert natural polysaccharides into controllable carbon-metal hybrid nanoparticles and highlights glycans as versatile precursors for surface-engineered carbon-based nanomaterials.</p>

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Silver decorated Schiff base functionalized carbon dots derived from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide for surface enhanced Raman scattering

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Chengwei Hu,
  • Haimei Zhu,
  • Junjie Cui,
  • Jian Xue,
  • Jinge Liu,
  • Chunfeng Liu,
  • Hong Bi

摘要

The conversion of biomass into functional carbon dots (CDs) offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach for the green fabrication of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. However, the inherent structural heterogeneity and batch-to-batch variability of biomass often result in unresolved surface chemistry and uneven distribution of anchoring sites on the resulting CDs. This, in turn, can cause uncontrolled aggregation of metal nanoparticles and consequently poor signal reproducibility in the final SERS substrates. To address these challenges, we designed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide (PcH) as one of the precursors and introduced coordinative imine (-C = N-) motifs via Schiff-base condensation. These imine functionalities are retained during hydrothermal carbonization, and act as spatially defined coordination centers to guide uniform in-situ nucleation of Ag nanoparticles on the final CDs product. Further, the obtained Schiff-base-functionalized Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide-derived CDs coated with Ag nanoparticles (PcH-CDs-Ag) served as a sensitive SERS substrate for Rhodamine B (RhB), achieving a detection limit of 1 × 10− 10 M and good signal reproducibility (Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) = 11.7%). Density functional theory calculations illustrate that the -C = N- motifs enhance Ag coordination and interfacial charge transfer, thereby revealing the intrinsic mechanistic origin of the observed SERS enhancement. This work demonstrates a molecular route to convert natural polysaccharides into controllable carbon-metal hybrid nanoparticles and highlights glycans as versatile precursors for surface-engineered carbon-based nanomaterials.