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<p>China is among the most biodiverse countries in the world. Its biodiversity loss associated with land use is mainly driven by agricultural production and consumption. However, biodiversity loss driven by specific agricultural products at the subnational level has not yet been investigated. This knowledge gap hinders the development of tailored policies for ecological compensation and consumption-side interventions. Therefore, we employed the Food and Agriculture Biomass Input–Output database for China (FABIO-CHN) to trace biodiversity loss along the supply chains across Chinese provinces. We used potentially disappeared fractions of species (PDF) to measure relative loss in species richness, considering land-use intensities and land fragmentation. In addition, we consulted some stakeholders to assess challenges related to biodiversity governance using semi-structured interviews. We found that Southwest China accounted for around half of production-based and two-fifths of consumption-based biodiversity loss. Species loss in biodiverse regions was largely driven by consumption in economically developed provinces. The consumption of animal products contributed to most of the biodiversity loss. For example, beef and mutton consumption accounted for 39.1% of plant loss and 45.4% of vertebrate loss. However, biodiversity loss varied across provinces due to different dietary patterns and agricultural production. According to the interviews, we should strengthen coordination between national policies and local implementation, clarify institutional responsibilities, and increase fundraising to mitigate biodiversity loss. The identified main drivers of biodiversity loss can help define targeted, coordinated conservation strategies and dietary patterns to protect biodiversity effectively.</p>

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China’s biodiversity loss across provinces driven by agricultural production and consumption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月20日

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  • Zhongxiao Sun,
  • Sara Biondi,
  • Qian Zhang,
  • Brendan Carroll,
  • Laura Scherer

摘要

China is among the most biodiverse countries in the world. Its biodiversity loss associated with land use is mainly driven by agricultural production and consumption. However, biodiversity loss driven by specific agricultural products at the subnational level has not yet been investigated. This knowledge gap hinders the development of tailored policies for ecological compensation and consumption-side interventions. Therefore, we employed the Food and Agriculture Biomass Input–Output database for China (FABIO-CHN) to trace biodiversity loss along the supply chains across Chinese provinces. We used potentially disappeared fractions of species (PDF) to measure relative loss in species richness, considering land-use intensities and land fragmentation. In addition, we consulted some stakeholders to assess challenges related to biodiversity governance using semi-structured interviews. We found that Southwest China accounted for around half of production-based and two-fifths of consumption-based biodiversity loss. Species loss in biodiverse regions was largely driven by consumption in economically developed provinces. The consumption of animal products contributed to most of the biodiversity loss. For example, beef and mutton consumption accounted for 39.1% of plant loss and 45.4% of vertebrate loss. However, biodiversity loss varied across provinces due to different dietary patterns and agricultural production. According to the interviews, we should strengthen coordination between national policies and local implementation, clarify institutional responsibilities, and increase fundraising to mitigate biodiversity loss. The identified main drivers of biodiversity loss can help define targeted, coordinated conservation strategies and dietary patterns to protect biodiversity effectively.