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<p>Metal contamination in aqueous effluents remains a critical environmental challenge due to the toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation of heavy metals such as Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/montmorillonite Clay nanofibrous membranes were produced by the solution blow spinning (SBS) technique and evaluated for heavy metal removal through adsorption and membrane filtration processes. Membranes containing different Clay loadings were successfully fabricated, forming micro- and nanofibrous structures suitable for water treatment applications. Batch adsorption experiments indicated moderate metal removal efficiencies, which were strongly dependent on Clay content and contact time. The adsorption kinetics were better described by the pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption on active sites associated with the Clay phase. Filtration experiments demonstrated significantly higher removal efficiencies, with membranes containing 10 wt% Clay achieving metal removal above 90%, highlighting the effectiveness of the combined filtration–adsorption mechanism. The results indicate that SBS-produced PVDF/Clay membranes are promising candidates for heavy metal remediation, particularly in filtration-based processes, although adsorption performance remains limited under the tested conditions. These findings contribute to the development of scalable nanofibrous membranes for water treatment applications.</p>

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Removal of Pb and Cu metals by PVDF/clay membranes obtained through solution blow spinning technique

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Gabriel da Cruz Dias,
  • Lincon Zadorosny,
  • Alex Otávio Sanches,
  • Mirian Cristina dos Santos,
  • Luiz Francisco Malmonge

摘要

Metal contamination in aqueous effluents remains a critical environmental challenge due to the toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation of heavy metals such as Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/montmorillonite Clay nanofibrous membranes were produced by the solution blow spinning (SBS) technique and evaluated for heavy metal removal through adsorption and membrane filtration processes. Membranes containing different Clay loadings were successfully fabricated, forming micro- and nanofibrous structures suitable for water treatment applications. Batch adsorption experiments indicated moderate metal removal efficiencies, which were strongly dependent on Clay content and contact time. The adsorption kinetics were better described by the pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption on active sites associated with the Clay phase. Filtration experiments demonstrated significantly higher removal efficiencies, with membranes containing 10 wt% Clay achieving metal removal above 90%, highlighting the effectiveness of the combined filtration–adsorption mechanism. The results indicate that SBS-produced PVDF/Clay membranes are promising candidates for heavy metal remediation, particularly in filtration-based processes, although adsorption performance remains limited under the tested conditions. These findings contribute to the development of scalable nanofibrous membranes for water treatment applications.