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<p>Pearl millet [<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> (L.) R. Br.] is a vital C4 nutri-cereal underpinning food security in arid and semi-arid regions; however, its productivity is constrained by poor seedling establishment under abiotic stress. The present study evaluated 300 diverse genotypes in randomized incomplete block design across three locations—Jodhpur, Bikaner and Nagaur—over two years to assess genetic variability, heritability and stability for key physiological and yield-related traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant genetic variation for all traits, including relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), SPAD chlorophyll content, harvest index (HI) and grain yield per plant (GYP). High broad-sense heritability (&gt; 80%) coupled with substantial genetic advance (&gt; 20%) for MSI, RWC and SPAD indicates the predominance of additive gene action and highlights the effectiveness of early-generation selection for these physiological attributes. The complementary application of AMMI and GGE biplot analyses provided robust insights into genotype performance, stability, adaptability and environmental relationships, enabling the identification of superior and widely adapted genotypes. Notably, G1 (IC-102797), G62 (NBPGR-38) and G67 (NBPGR-67) consistently combined high mean yield with stability across environments, reflecting broad adaptation. The clustering of Nagaur and Jodhpur suggests comparable moisture and temperature stress regimes typical of Rajasthan. Genotypes G266 and G25 exhibited stable RWC, indicating efficient osmotic adjustment, while G48 and G282 maintained stable MSI, reflecting enhanced membrane integrity and stress tolerance under arid conditions. The highest expected genetic gains were observed for HI (30.72%) and GYP (21.35%) based on the MTSI index, demonstrating substantial scope for improving yield efficiency. Overall, the integration of physiological resilience traits—particularly membrane stability and water retention—with yield-based selection emerges as a robust strategy for developing climate-resilient pearl millet cultivars.</p>

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Evaluation of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Genotypes for Seedling-Stage Stress Resilience and Yield Attributing Traits in A1 Arid Zone of Rajasthan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Jaishree Tanwar,
  • C. Tara Satyavathi,
  • Ramesh,
  • Supriya Ambawat,
  • R. C. Meena,
  • Rajdeep Mundariya,
  • Ravindra Kumar Meena

摘要

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a vital C4 nutri-cereal underpinning food security in arid and semi-arid regions; however, its productivity is constrained by poor seedling establishment under abiotic stress. The present study evaluated 300 diverse genotypes in randomized incomplete block design across three locations—Jodhpur, Bikaner and Nagaur—over two years to assess genetic variability, heritability and stability for key physiological and yield-related traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant genetic variation for all traits, including relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), SPAD chlorophyll content, harvest index (HI) and grain yield per plant (GYP). High broad-sense heritability (> 80%) coupled with substantial genetic advance (> 20%) for MSI, RWC and SPAD indicates the predominance of additive gene action and highlights the effectiveness of early-generation selection for these physiological attributes. The complementary application of AMMI and GGE biplot analyses provided robust insights into genotype performance, stability, adaptability and environmental relationships, enabling the identification of superior and widely adapted genotypes. Notably, G1 (IC-102797), G62 (NBPGR-38) and G67 (NBPGR-67) consistently combined high mean yield with stability across environments, reflecting broad adaptation. The clustering of Nagaur and Jodhpur suggests comparable moisture and temperature stress regimes typical of Rajasthan. Genotypes G266 and G25 exhibited stable RWC, indicating efficient osmotic adjustment, while G48 and G282 maintained stable MSI, reflecting enhanced membrane integrity and stress tolerance under arid conditions. The highest expected genetic gains were observed for HI (30.72%) and GYP (21.35%) based on the MTSI index, demonstrating substantial scope for improving yield efficiency. Overall, the integration of physiological resilience traits—particularly membrane stability and water retention—with yield-based selection emerges as a robust strategy for developing climate-resilient pearl millet cultivars.