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<p>Kernel row number (KRN) is one of the important breeding traits in maize which determines the grain yield. The trait is governed by pathways of core and many regulatory genes related to differentiation of floral meristems viz., <i>fasciated</i> 2 (<i>fea2</i>), <i>fasciated</i> 4 (<i>fea4</i>), <i>tassel dwarf</i> 1(<i>td1</i>) and <i>tassel sheath</i> 4 (<i>tsh4</i>). The presence and level of expression of such genes may influence the productivity of inbred lines <i>vis-à-vis</i> hybrids. Heterosis is a complex phenomenon, determined by many genetic and molecular mechanisms. The genes determining floral meristem differentiation may play role in deciding extent of hybrid yield in maize. To understand this, five lines (low KRN) and two testers (one each having high and low KRN) carrying these genes, viz., <i>fea2</i>, <i>fea4</i>, <i>td1</i> and <i>tsh4</i> were crossed in line (5) × tester (2) manner and generated hybrids were evaluated for various agronomic traits in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The expression of targeted genes was undertaken to understand the interplay between the trait of interest and heterosis. Gene expression analysis was carried out by the quantitation of cDNA converted from a messenger RNA corresponding to the gene against an internal standard. The level of expression of <i>fea2</i> gene was higher than the better parental value in both the hybrid combination viz., AI 5116 × AI 543 and AI 5116 × PML 105, which carries high KRN and low KRN testers respectively. Similarly, expression of <i>fea4</i> gene was higher than mid parental value in hybrid, AI 5116 × AI 543 and better parental value in hybrid, AI 5116 × PML 105. High expression of <i>td1</i> and <i>tsh4</i> was associated with the high yielding hybrid (AI 5116 × AI 543) having one of its parents bearing high KRN. On the other hand, for these genes the expression level in hybrid, AI 5116 × PML 105 was lower than mid-parental value where both the parents were low in KRN. Hence, expression pattern of the studied genes seems to play key role in heterosis phenomenon of grain yield in maize and emphasises importance of testers in designing cross combinations and their finer analysis.</p>

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Understanding the Role of fasciated 2, fasciated 4, tassel dwarf 1 and tassel sheath 4 Genes in the Manifestation of Grain Yield in Field Corn (Zea mays L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Bhargava Kotte,
  • P. Bhavana,
  • Ganapati Mukri,
  • Raveendra N. Gadag,
  • Jayant S. Bhat,
  • Chandu Singh,
  • Navin C. Gupta,
  • K. V. Gowtham,
  • Kumari Shilpa,
  • Chandra Prabha,
  • Santhosh Kumar

摘要

Kernel row number (KRN) is one of the important breeding traits in maize which determines the grain yield. The trait is governed by pathways of core and many regulatory genes related to differentiation of floral meristems viz., fasciated 2 (fea2), fasciated 4 (fea4), tassel dwarf 1(td1) and tassel sheath 4 (tsh4). The presence and level of expression of such genes may influence the productivity of inbred lines vis-à-vis hybrids. Heterosis is a complex phenomenon, determined by many genetic and molecular mechanisms. The genes determining floral meristem differentiation may play role in deciding extent of hybrid yield in maize. To understand this, five lines (low KRN) and two testers (one each having high and low KRN) carrying these genes, viz., fea2, fea4, td1 and tsh4 were crossed in line (5) × tester (2) manner and generated hybrids were evaluated for various agronomic traits in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The expression of targeted genes was undertaken to understand the interplay between the trait of interest and heterosis. Gene expression analysis was carried out by the quantitation of cDNA converted from a messenger RNA corresponding to the gene against an internal standard. The level of expression of fea2 gene was higher than the better parental value in both the hybrid combination viz., AI 5116 × AI 543 and AI 5116 × PML 105, which carries high KRN and low KRN testers respectively. Similarly, expression of fea4 gene was higher than mid parental value in hybrid, AI 5116 × AI 543 and better parental value in hybrid, AI 5116 × PML 105. High expression of td1 and tsh4 was associated with the high yielding hybrid (AI 5116 × AI 543) having one of its parents bearing high KRN. On the other hand, for these genes the expression level in hybrid, AI 5116 × PML 105 was lower than mid-parental value where both the parents were low in KRN. Hence, expression pattern of the studied genes seems to play key role in heterosis phenomenon of grain yield in maize and emphasises importance of testers in designing cross combinations and their finer analysis.