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<p>The development of compact plant architecture is essential for enhancing maize (<i>Zea mays L.</i>) productivity under high-density cultivation systems. This study evaluated seventy double haploid maize lines for morphological, physiological and yield-related traits to identify ideotypes combining compactness and high yield potential. The experiment during <i>kharif</i>, 2023 and <i>rabi</i>, 2024 at TNAU, Coimbatore followed an Augmented Block Design II. Significant genetic variability (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) was detected for most traits with high heritability (82.02–99.88%) and moderate to high genetic advance indicating strong additive gene action. Traits such as leaf angle, ear length, ear diameter and grain yield exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance suggesting high selection efficiency. Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between leaf angle and photosynthetic rate (<i>r</i> = − 0.34) and grain yield (<i>r</i> = − 0.32) emphasizing the significance of erect leaves for improved canopy efficiency. BLUP analysis identified genotypes G49 (DH-26), G60 (DH-48) and G51 (DH-115) as high-yielding, compact types with shorter internodes and moderate leaf angles. To complement phenotypic selection SSR markers umc2238 (<i>brachytic1</i>), bnlg1447 (<i>dwarf1</i>) and bnlg1953 (<i>IDD1</i>) were used to validate allelic variation underlying plant height, internode length and leaf angle. Marker polymorphism corresponded closely with BLUP-derived trait expression confirming the involvement of these loci in regulating compact architecture. The Multi-Trait Genotype–Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) integrated all traits and identified DH-33, DH-31, DH-29, DH-93, and DH-68 as ideotype-proximal lines combining compact stature, efficient physiology and yield stability. Factor analysis grouped traits into seven independent factors explaining &gt; 70% of the total variance validating the robustness of multivariate selection. The combined application of BLUP and MGIDI indices provided a robust and integrative framework for identifying ideotype-proximal DH lines suited for high-density cultivation either for hybrid development or as donors for marker-assisted introgression of compact plant architecture traits.</p>

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Integrative Phenotypic and Molecular Dissection of Compact Plant Architecture in Maize (Zea mays L.) Double Haploid Lines Using BLUP and MGIDI

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Priya Rawat,
  • Sivakumar Subbarayan,
  • N. Kumari Vinodhana,
  • Senthil Natesan,
  • R. Sivakumar,
  • D. Uma,
  • Prerna Rawat,
  • M. Himakara Datta,
  • K. R. V. Sathya Sheela,
  • Krishna Sri Burri

摘要

The development of compact plant architecture is essential for enhancing maize (Zea mays L.) productivity under high-density cultivation systems. This study evaluated seventy double haploid maize lines for morphological, physiological and yield-related traits to identify ideotypes combining compactness and high yield potential. The experiment during kharif, 2023 and rabi, 2024 at TNAU, Coimbatore followed an Augmented Block Design II. Significant genetic variability (p ≤ 0.01) was detected for most traits with high heritability (82.02–99.88%) and moderate to high genetic advance indicating strong additive gene action. Traits such as leaf angle, ear length, ear diameter and grain yield exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance suggesting high selection efficiency. Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between leaf angle and photosynthetic rate (r = − 0.34) and grain yield (r = − 0.32) emphasizing the significance of erect leaves for improved canopy efficiency. BLUP analysis identified genotypes G49 (DH-26), G60 (DH-48) and G51 (DH-115) as high-yielding, compact types with shorter internodes and moderate leaf angles. To complement phenotypic selection SSR markers umc2238 (brachytic1), bnlg1447 (dwarf1) and bnlg1953 (IDD1) were used to validate allelic variation underlying plant height, internode length and leaf angle. Marker polymorphism corresponded closely with BLUP-derived trait expression confirming the involvement of these loci in regulating compact architecture. The Multi-Trait Genotype–Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) integrated all traits and identified DH-33, DH-31, DH-29, DH-93, and DH-68 as ideotype-proximal lines combining compact stature, efficient physiology and yield stability. Factor analysis grouped traits into seven independent factors explaining > 70% of the total variance validating the robustness of multivariate selection. The combined application of BLUP and MGIDI indices provided a robust and integrative framework for identifying ideotype-proximal DH lines suited for high-density cultivation either for hybrid development or as donors for marker-assisted introgression of compact plant architecture traits.