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Purpose <p>This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical diversity and biological potential of two endemic Anatolian <i>Sideritis</i> taxa (<i>Sideritis argyrea</i> and <i>Sideritis syriaca</i> subsp. <i>nusairiensis</i>), while investigating whether specific secondary metabolites like martynoside can serve as discriminative chemotaxonomic markers for their authentication.</p> Methods <p>The chemical profiles were comprehensively characterized by investigating essential oil compositions through GC-FID and GC–MS and identifying phenolic constituents via LC–MS/MS. The biological potential of the extracts was further evaluated through a battery of standardized antioxidant and antimicrobial assays to correlate the phytochemical findings with functional activities.</p> Results <p><i>Sideritis argyrea</i> exhibited more pronounced antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 0.18&#xa0;mg/mL) and a broader antifungal spectrum, particularly against <i>Candida</i> species, compared to <i>Sideritis syriaca</i> subsp. <i>nusairiensis</i>. Chemical profiling of the essential oils revealed distinct compositions: <i>Sideritis syriaca</i> subsp. <i>nusairiensis</i> was characterized by a hydrocarbon-dominated profile, primarily consisting of hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (11.7%), hexadecanoic acid (11.6%), and nonacosane (10.9%). In contrast, <i>Sideritis argyrea</i> displayed a terpene-rich profile predominated by β-pinene (35.5%), α-pinene (24.3%), and <i>epi</i>-cubebol (13.0%). These chemical variations directly correlated with their olfactory characteristics, transitioning from the waxy/fatty notes of the former to the fresh, pine-like aroma of the latter. Additionally, LC–MS/MS analysis identified a higher prevalence of methylated and acylated flavonoid and phenylpropanoid derivatives in <i>Sideritis argyrea</i>.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings suggest that <i>Sideritis argyrea</i> possesses potential as a source of natural bioactive substances with medicinal interest. Furthermore, the distinct phytochemical markers identified in this study contribute to essential data for the chemotaxonomic differentiation and authentication of these endemic Anatolian <i>Sideritis</i> taxa within the scope of the investigated populations.</p>

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Comparative phytochemical analysis and biological activities of two Anatolian Mountain Teas: Sideritis syriaca subsp. nusairiensis and Sideritis argyrea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Nagehan Saltan,
  • Gokalp Iscan,
  • Yavuz Bulent Kose,
  • Fatih Goger,
  • Betul Demirci

摘要

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical diversity and biological potential of two endemic Anatolian Sideritis taxa (Sideritis argyrea and Sideritis syriaca subsp. nusairiensis), while investigating whether specific secondary metabolites like martynoside can serve as discriminative chemotaxonomic markers for their authentication.

Methods

The chemical profiles were comprehensively characterized by investigating essential oil compositions through GC-FID and GC–MS and identifying phenolic constituents via LC–MS/MS. The biological potential of the extracts was further evaluated through a battery of standardized antioxidant and antimicrobial assays to correlate the phytochemical findings with functional activities.

Results

Sideritis argyrea exhibited more pronounced antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 0.18 mg/mL) and a broader antifungal spectrum, particularly against Candida species, compared to Sideritis syriaca subsp. nusairiensis. Chemical profiling of the essential oils revealed distinct compositions: Sideritis syriaca subsp. nusairiensis was characterized by a hydrocarbon-dominated profile, primarily consisting of hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (11.7%), hexadecanoic acid (11.6%), and nonacosane (10.9%). In contrast, Sideritis argyrea displayed a terpene-rich profile predominated by β-pinene (35.5%), α-pinene (24.3%), and epi-cubebol (13.0%). These chemical variations directly correlated with their olfactory characteristics, transitioning from the waxy/fatty notes of the former to the fresh, pine-like aroma of the latter. Additionally, LC–MS/MS analysis identified a higher prevalence of methylated and acylated flavonoid and phenylpropanoid derivatives in Sideritis argyrea.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that Sideritis argyrea possesses potential as a source of natural bioactive substances with medicinal interest. Furthermore, the distinct phytochemical markers identified in this study contribute to essential data for the chemotaxonomic differentiation and authentication of these endemic Anatolian Sideritis taxa within the scope of the investigated populations.