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Background <p>Traditional agroecosystems play a key role in preserving crop genetic diversity, which is essential for food security under global change. This study investigates the fig tree (<i>Ficus carica</i>) in the Atlas Mountains and oasis agroecosystems of Morocco, recognised, as rich genetic reservoirs but remain insufficiently documented and genetically characterised.</p> Aims <p>To highlight the importance of varietal diversity across different Moroccan regions and to assess the genetic structure of fig genetic resources.</p> Methods <p>Genetic variability was assessed in 93 fig cultivars collected from Atlas regions and southern and south-eastern oases using 14 ISSR markers.</p> Results <p>214 bands were generated, of which 184 (85.98%) were polymorphic indicating high genetic diversity (Rp = 8.00, H = 0.34, PIC = 0.52, I = 0.34). AMOVA revealed that 89% of the total genetic variation resided within groups, while only 11% was found between groups. UPGMA Clustering structured the genotypes into five main groups. Edible figs from the Beni Mellal- Khenifra region showed high genetic dispersion. Also, caprifigs formed a distinct, homogeneous cluster regardless of their collection site.</p> Conclusion <p>This study highlights the high genetic diversity of fig tree from the oases and Atlas regions of Morocco and underlines the value of ISSR markers for conservation and breeding programs.</p>

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Genetic diversity of Caprifigs and female fig (Ficus carica) from Moroccan oases and Atlas Regions revealed by ISSR markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Ibtissam Mardoume,
  • Said Bouda,
  • Youssef Khachtib,
  • Hasna Zaggoumi,
  • Imane Neg,
  • Youssef Ait Bella,
  • Abdelmajid Haddioui

摘要

Background

Traditional agroecosystems play a key role in preserving crop genetic diversity, which is essential for food security under global change. This study investigates the fig tree (Ficus carica) in the Atlas Mountains and oasis agroecosystems of Morocco, recognised, as rich genetic reservoirs but remain insufficiently documented and genetically characterised.

Aims

To highlight the importance of varietal diversity across different Moroccan regions and to assess the genetic structure of fig genetic resources.

Methods

Genetic variability was assessed in 93 fig cultivars collected from Atlas regions and southern and south-eastern oases using 14 ISSR markers.

Results

214 bands were generated, of which 184 (85.98%) were polymorphic indicating high genetic diversity (Rp = 8.00, H = 0.34, PIC = 0.52, I = 0.34). AMOVA revealed that 89% of the total genetic variation resided within groups, while only 11% was found between groups. UPGMA Clustering structured the genotypes into five main groups. Edible figs from the Beni Mellal- Khenifra region showed high genetic dispersion. Also, caprifigs formed a distinct, homogeneous cluster regardless of their collection site.

Conclusion

This study highlights the high genetic diversity of fig tree from the oases and Atlas regions of Morocco and underlines the value of ISSR markers for conservation and breeding programs.