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<p>In this study, the moss-bag technique using <i>Platyhypnidium riparioides</i> was applied to assess contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) along the Merse River (Tuscany, Italy). Transplanted moss samples were exposed for three weeks at eight sites along the river and at a reference site and analysed by ICP-MS for 10 PTEs. The results revealed a marked spatial variability, with the site closest to the former mining area showing high to critical contamination and ecological risk, particularly for Cd, Cu and As. Additional localised enrichment was detected downstream in an area influenced by agricultural and infrastructural activities. Comparison with a previous survey conducted in 2016 at the same sites showed no significant temporal changes, indicating that contamination levels persisted over nearly a decade since the remediation ceased and natural attenuation capacity was overwhelmed by persistent legacy load. Overall, this study confirms the moss-bag biomonitoring as a sensitive, integrative and cost-effective approach for spatial and long-term assessment of river contamination and ecological risk.</p>

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Aquatic moss as indicator of spatial and temporal post-mining river quality. A case study in Tuscany, Italy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Chiara Vitillo,
  • Lisa Grifoni,
  • Luigi Antonello Di Lella,
  • Fabrizio Monaci,
  • Stefano Loppi

摘要

In this study, the moss-bag technique using Platyhypnidium riparioides was applied to assess contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) along the Merse River (Tuscany, Italy). Transplanted moss samples were exposed for three weeks at eight sites along the river and at a reference site and analysed by ICP-MS for 10 PTEs. The results revealed a marked spatial variability, with the site closest to the former mining area showing high to critical contamination and ecological risk, particularly for Cd, Cu and As. Additional localised enrichment was detected downstream in an area influenced by agricultural and infrastructural activities. Comparison with a previous survey conducted in 2016 at the same sites showed no significant temporal changes, indicating that contamination levels persisted over nearly a decade since the remediation ceased and natural attenuation capacity was overwhelmed by persistent legacy load. Overall, this study confirms the moss-bag biomonitoring as a sensitive, integrative and cost-effective approach for spatial and long-term assessment of river contamination and ecological risk.