Biomedical applications of fungal-derived nanoparticles: bridging mycology and nanotechnology for next-generation therapeutics
摘要
The convergence of mycology and nanotechnology has given rise to myconanotechnology, an emerging interdisciplinary field utilizing fungi as eco-friendly biofactories for synthesizing functional nanomaterials. Fungal-derived nanoparticles (FDNPs), produced through sustainable green synthesis, exhibit high stability, biocompatibility, and multifunctional bioactivity. This review highlights recent advances in FDNP synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications, particularly their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and targeted drug delivery potentials. Fungal metabolites, such as enzymes, proteins, and polysaccharides, play crucial roles as reducing and stabilizing agents, enhancing nanoparticle efficacy and stability. Pharmacological and toxicological studies reveal that FDNPs possess selective cytotoxicity and low systemic toxicity, demonstrating strong potential for clinical use. However, challenges such as large-scale standardization, biosafety validation, and mechanistic understanding remain. Integrating molecular biology, AI-based modeling, and omics tools can revolutionize biosynthetic precision and therapeutic applications. Collectively, fungal nanotechnology represents a sustainable and innovative platform for next-generation biomedical and pharmaceutical advancements.