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<p>Phenology, the study of recurring biological events and their environmental drivers, is essential for understanding the responses of species to climate change, although research on the phenology of tropical herbaceous plants remains limited. We assessed environmental factors influencing the flowering and fruiting phenology of <i>Sincoraea</i> in Brazilian <i>campos rupestres</i> and compared field observations with herbarium data. Over 24&#xa0;months, monthly field monitoring was performed, targeting three species (25 individuals each) across two municipalities in northeastern Brazil. Data on plant phenological activity and intensity, as well as climatic variables were collected. Herbarium specimens available on the SpeciesLink database were analyzed to infer the phenology of the entire genus. Circular and generalized linear models were used to evaluate phenological patterns. The reproductive cycles of the three <i>Sincoraea</i> species examined were concentrated in the rainy summer. Rainfall and day length mainly influenced <i>S. amoena</i> and <i>S. burle-marxii</i>, whereas principally temperature influenced <i>S. ophiuroides</i>. Interannual variations were minor, except for differences in the fruiting of <i>S. burle-marxii</i>. Herbarium searches and PCA analyses indicated that most species reproduce between the end and the beginning of the year, although some species reproduce under lower temperature conditions. Circular statistics revealed no differences between the field and herbarium data. Flowering evidenced a statistically significant relationship with precipitation in recent decades. Integrating datasets clarified the reproductive phenology of <i>Sincoraea</i> and demonstrated that climate-driven phenological shifts may reduce reproductive capacity, potentially contributing to extinctions and ecological imbalances in <i>campos rupestres</i>.</p>

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Reproductive phenology of Sincoraea (Bromelioideae, Bromeliaceae), an endemic and threatened genus of Brazilian rupestrian grasslands

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Adelly Cardoso de Araujo Fagundes,
  • Alexsandro Bezerra-Silva,
  • Maria Thereza Dantas Gomes,
  • Jamerson Souza da Costa,
  • Paulo Sérgio Santos-Neves,
  • Sâmia Paula Santos Neves,
  • Everton Hilo de Souza,
  • Roy Richard Funch,
  • Ligia Silveira Funch,
  • José Alves de Siqueira

摘要

Phenology, the study of recurring biological events and their environmental drivers, is essential for understanding the responses of species to climate change, although research on the phenology of tropical herbaceous plants remains limited. We assessed environmental factors influencing the flowering and fruiting phenology of Sincoraea in Brazilian campos rupestres and compared field observations with herbarium data. Over 24 months, monthly field monitoring was performed, targeting three species (25 individuals each) across two municipalities in northeastern Brazil. Data on plant phenological activity and intensity, as well as climatic variables were collected. Herbarium specimens available on the SpeciesLink database were analyzed to infer the phenology of the entire genus. Circular and generalized linear models were used to evaluate phenological patterns. The reproductive cycles of the three Sincoraea species examined were concentrated in the rainy summer. Rainfall and day length mainly influenced S. amoena and S. burle-marxii, whereas principally temperature influenced S. ophiuroides. Interannual variations were minor, except for differences in the fruiting of S. burle-marxii. Herbarium searches and PCA analyses indicated that most species reproduce between the end and the beginning of the year, although some species reproduce under lower temperature conditions. Circular statistics revealed no differences between the field and herbarium data. Flowering evidenced a statistically significant relationship with precipitation in recent decades. Integrating datasets clarified the reproductive phenology of Sincoraea and demonstrated that climate-driven phenological shifts may reduce reproductive capacity, potentially contributing to extinctions and ecological imbalances in campos rupestres.