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<p>This study aimed to conduct phytochemical screening and multi-analytical characterization of&#xa0;<i>C. sativa</i> leaves cultivated in the Mount Kenya region (Lower Imenti, Kenya) to establish a chemical baseline for regional hemp-type <i>C. sativa.</i> Different leaf extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and aqueous) were prepared via standard solvent extraction and subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic-content assays, and multi-analytical techniques including HPLC, GC–MS, LC–MS, FT-IR, UV–VIS, and AAS. Phytochemical screening revealed that phenols, alkaloids, and reducing sugars were abundant across extracts, while steroids, triterpenoids, and fixed oils were more prevalent in non-polar solvents. Total phenolic-content was highest in the ethanolic extract (150.05&#xa0;mg GAE/g), followed by aqueous, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts. HPLC and GC–MS identified catechin hydrate, naringin, rutin, hesperidin-type flavonoids, and major phenolic acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids, while LC–MS confirmed a CBD-dominant cannabinoid profile with cannabigerol, cannabidiol, Δ⁹-THC, and flavonoids. FT-IR and UV–VIS spectra corroborated phenolic-rich, proteinaceous, and lipophilic constituents. AAS revealed elevated levels of both essential micronutrients and toxic heavy metals Pb, As, and Cd exceeding WHO permissible limits for medicinal plants (Pb ≤ 0.3&#xa0;ppm, As ≤ 0.2&#xa0;ppm, Cd ≤ 0.2&#xa0;ppm), indicating soil contamination and potential health risks. The findings demonstrate that&#xa0;<i>C. sativa</i> from Mount Kenya is phytochemically rich but heavily contaminated by Pb, As, and Cd; soil remediation, regular heavy-metal monitoring, and strict regulatory control are therefore recommended before any medicinal or commercial application.</p>

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Phytochemical screening and multi-analytical characterization of Cannabis sativa, cultivated in Mt Kenya region, Kenya

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • John Wamumwe Mwangi

摘要

This study aimed to conduct phytochemical screening and multi-analytical characterization of C. sativa leaves cultivated in the Mount Kenya region (Lower Imenti, Kenya) to establish a chemical baseline for regional hemp-type C. sativa. Different leaf extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and aqueous) were prepared via standard solvent extraction and subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic-content assays, and multi-analytical techniques including HPLC, GC–MS, LC–MS, FT-IR, UV–VIS, and AAS. Phytochemical screening revealed that phenols, alkaloids, and reducing sugars were abundant across extracts, while steroids, triterpenoids, and fixed oils were more prevalent in non-polar solvents. Total phenolic-content was highest in the ethanolic extract (150.05 mg GAE/g), followed by aqueous, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts. HPLC and GC–MS identified catechin hydrate, naringin, rutin, hesperidin-type flavonoids, and major phenolic acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids, while LC–MS confirmed a CBD-dominant cannabinoid profile with cannabigerol, cannabidiol, Δ⁹-THC, and flavonoids. FT-IR and UV–VIS spectra corroborated phenolic-rich, proteinaceous, and lipophilic constituents. AAS revealed elevated levels of both essential micronutrients and toxic heavy metals Pb, As, and Cd exceeding WHO permissible limits for medicinal plants (Pb ≤ 0.3 ppm, As ≤ 0.2 ppm, Cd ≤ 0.2 ppm), indicating soil contamination and potential health risks. The findings demonstrate that C. sativa from Mount Kenya is phytochemically rich but heavily contaminated by Pb, As, and Cd; soil remediation, regular heavy-metal monitoring, and strict regulatory control are therefore recommended before any medicinal or commercial application.