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<p>This study aimed to evaluate the optimal storage and <i>in vitro</i> germination conditions for seeds of <i>Galeandra beyrichii</i> and <i>Zygopetalum maxillare</i>, two native orchid species from the inland Atlantic Forest of São Paulo state. Seeds were stored for three and six months at 20&#xa0;°C and − 18&#xa0;°C, followed by viability assessment using tetrazolium and germination tests in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium. For <i>Gal</i> (Abbreviations of scientific names followed the rules of Royal Horticultural Society (for orchid genera and hybrids (RHS 2017))<i>. beyrichii</i>, high initial germination in the fresh seeds (~ 99%) was observed in the dark, with rapid loss of viability over time, especially at low temperatures. Germination was reduced by light, suggesting negative photoblastism, consistent with the mycoheterotrophic habits of these species. In contrast, <i>Z. maxillare</i> showed low initial germination in the fresh seeds (~ 26%) despite high viability (&gt; 97%), indicating physiological dormancy. Storage at − 18&#xa0;°C promoted dormancy alleviation and a progressive increase in germination, reaching 89% after 6&#xa0;months. The results suggest orthodox seed-storage physiological behaviour for <i>Z. maxillare</i> and a possible limited storability for <i>G. beyrichii</i>, indicating behaviour closer to intermediate seeds. This study highlights the need for specific conservation strategies that emphasise <i>Z. maxillare</i> potential for germplasm banking and for complementary approaches for <i>G. beyrichii</i>, such as cryopreservation, and shows how the orchid seed physiology might be studied to ensure the proper conservation of those species.</p>

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Seed behaviour, conservation, and germination of Galeandra beyrichii and Zygopetalum maxillare

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Hugo Felipe,
  • Milena Cristina Moraes,
  • Ceci Castillho Custodio,
  • Silvério Takao Hosomi,
  • Nelson Barbosa Machado-Neto

摘要

This study aimed to evaluate the optimal storage and in vitro germination conditions for seeds of Galeandra beyrichii and Zygopetalum maxillare, two native orchid species from the inland Atlantic Forest of São Paulo state. Seeds were stored for three and six months at 20 °C and − 18 °C, followed by viability assessment using tetrazolium and germination tests in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium. For Gal (Abbreviations of scientific names followed the rules of Royal Horticultural Society (for orchid genera and hybrids (RHS 2017)). beyrichii, high initial germination in the fresh seeds (~ 99%) was observed in the dark, with rapid loss of viability over time, especially at low temperatures. Germination was reduced by light, suggesting negative photoblastism, consistent with the mycoheterotrophic habits of these species. In contrast, Z. maxillare showed low initial germination in the fresh seeds (~ 26%) despite high viability (> 97%), indicating physiological dormancy. Storage at − 18 °C promoted dormancy alleviation and a progressive increase in germination, reaching 89% after 6 months. The results suggest orthodox seed-storage physiological behaviour for Z. maxillare and a possible limited storability for G. beyrichii, indicating behaviour closer to intermediate seeds. This study highlights the need for specific conservation strategies that emphasise Z. maxillare potential for germplasm banking and for complementary approaches for G. beyrichii, such as cryopreservation, and shows how the orchid seed physiology might be studied to ensure the proper conservation of those species.