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<p><i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i> is a drought-tolerant cactus that is increasingly becoming popular due to its nutritional and economic value in climate vulnerable regions. Its large-scale production in subtropical humid regions is constrained by high microbial contamination during in vitro establishment and poor survival during acclimatization.. So, this study aimed to develop and validate a climate-adapted micropropagation and acclimatization protocol optimized for humid subtropical conditions, with specific emphasis on sterilization efficiency, cytokinin–auxin interactions, and <i>ex vitro</i> survival.. For these, surface sterilization, cytokinin-mediated shoot induction, auxin-induced rooting, and ex vitro acclimatization substrates were systematically optimized. The result recorded that sequential treatment with 70% ethanol and 5% NaOCl achieved the highest sterilization efficiency (95%) with minimal tissue damage. Optimal shoot proliferation (3.0 shoots explant<sup>−1</sup>, 90% response) was observed on MS medium with BAP + KIN (2.5 + 0.5&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>). In contrast, robust rooting (5 roots shoot<sup>−1</sup>, 95% success rate) was recorded in 1.5&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> IBA on half-strength MS. A 1:1 soil–sand mixture gave the highest acclimatization rate (92%). Unlike previous protocols developed for arid zones, this study demonstrated the first climate-specific adaptation of <i>O. ficus-indica</i> micropropagation to a humid subtropical environment, addressing contamination challenges by ensuring high <i>ex vitro</i> survival. The protocol provides a scalable, cost-effective strategy for future sustainable cactus cultivation in drought-prone environments.</p>

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Optimization of in vitro regeneration of Opuntia ficus-indica and acclimatization under humid subtropical conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Abul Kalam Azad,
  • Omar Kayess,
  • Samia Jahan Purnota,
  • Ashraful Haque,
  • Haider Iqbal Khan,
  • Sazzad Hosain

摘要

Opuntia ficus-indica is a drought-tolerant cactus that is increasingly becoming popular due to its nutritional and economic value in climate vulnerable regions. Its large-scale production in subtropical humid regions is constrained by high microbial contamination during in vitro establishment and poor survival during acclimatization.. So, this study aimed to develop and validate a climate-adapted micropropagation and acclimatization protocol optimized for humid subtropical conditions, with specific emphasis on sterilization efficiency, cytokinin–auxin interactions, and ex vitro survival.. For these, surface sterilization, cytokinin-mediated shoot induction, auxin-induced rooting, and ex vitro acclimatization substrates were systematically optimized. The result recorded that sequential treatment with 70% ethanol and 5% NaOCl achieved the highest sterilization efficiency (95%) with minimal tissue damage. Optimal shoot proliferation (3.0 shoots explant−1, 90% response) was observed on MS medium with BAP + KIN (2.5 + 0.5 mg L−1). In contrast, robust rooting (5 roots shoot−1, 95% success rate) was recorded in 1.5 mg L−1 IBA on half-strength MS. A 1:1 soil–sand mixture gave the highest acclimatization rate (92%). Unlike previous protocols developed for arid zones, this study demonstrated the first climate-specific adaptation of O. ficus-indica micropropagation to a humid subtropical environment, addressing contamination challenges by ensuring high ex vitro survival. The protocol provides a scalable, cost-effective strategy for future sustainable cactus cultivation in drought-prone environments.