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<p><i>Vincetoxicum spirale</i> is a threatened twining climber of riparian habitats that has long been taxonomically confused with related taxa by resemblance. This work was conducted to establish its systematic identity, record diagnostic palynological, anatomical and seed micromorphological characters, and assess structural adaptations that support its survival in weak riparian environments along the Indus River at Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. Vouchered samples were taken in the field, examined by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and further anatomical profiling of the samples was done using microtome-prepared stem sections. Pollinia are groups of pollen grains. In <i>V. spirale</i> pollinia are present and pollen grains aggregated within pendulous, paired pollinia displayed reticulate–perforate exine sculpturing, whereas the pollinial apparatus itself was defined by ovate corpuscula and elongated pollinial sacs. Anatomy of the stem showed a protective epidermis, hypodermal collenchyma, the discontinuous sclerenchymatous rings, collateral vascular bundles, and large parenchymatous pith, indicating an adaptive tradeoff between tensile flexibility and mechanical reinforcement. The seed morphology was also diagnostic, with ovate comose seeds having silky trichomes attached at the micropylar region. SEM revealed a finely striate-reticulate testa, raised ridges around the hilum and papillate trichome bases that anchor dispersal hairs, this is evidence of effective wind and water dispersal strategies. This study aims to document diagnostic micromorphological and anatomical characters of <i>Vincetoxicum spirale</i> and to elucidate structural traits associated with adaptation to riparian habitats.</p>

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Micromorphological and anatomical profiling of Vincetoxicum spirale (Apocynaceae): structural adaptations in a threatened riparian climber

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Muhammad Rizwan Khan,
  • Muhammad Zafar,
  • Salman Majeed,
  • Sayyara Ibadullayeva,
  • Nigar Mursal,
  • Nahaa M. Alotaibi,
  • Muksin Khodjiev,
  • Khuzin Dinislam,
  • Enkelejda Kucaj

摘要

Vincetoxicum spirale is a threatened twining climber of riparian habitats that has long been taxonomically confused with related taxa by resemblance. This work was conducted to establish its systematic identity, record diagnostic palynological, anatomical and seed micromorphological characters, and assess structural adaptations that support its survival in weak riparian environments along the Indus River at Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. Vouchered samples were taken in the field, examined by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and further anatomical profiling of the samples was done using microtome-prepared stem sections. Pollinia are groups of pollen grains. In V. spirale pollinia are present and pollen grains aggregated within pendulous, paired pollinia displayed reticulate–perforate exine sculpturing, whereas the pollinial apparatus itself was defined by ovate corpuscula and elongated pollinial sacs. Anatomy of the stem showed a protective epidermis, hypodermal collenchyma, the discontinuous sclerenchymatous rings, collateral vascular bundles, and large parenchymatous pith, indicating an adaptive tradeoff between tensile flexibility and mechanical reinforcement. The seed morphology was also diagnostic, with ovate comose seeds having silky trichomes attached at the micropylar region. SEM revealed a finely striate-reticulate testa, raised ridges around the hilum and papillate trichome bases that anchor dispersal hairs, this is evidence of effective wind and water dispersal strategies. This study aims to document diagnostic micromorphological and anatomical characters of Vincetoxicum spirale and to elucidate structural traits associated with adaptation to riparian habitats.