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<p>In the present study, we ascertained the phenological, anatomical and reproductive traits of twenty-three kalmegh genotypes. The floral development (Bud initiation to Anthesis) across these genotypes was ranged between 15 (BK-16)-20 (CIM-Megha) days, with a mean value of 17&#xa0;days. While, capsule development and maturation ranged from 28–32&#xa0;days across the genotypes. Pollen viability was assessed by acetocarmine stain showed there was no significant differences (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.005) among the genotypes. Whereas, CIM-Megha, BK16 and BK9 expressed &gt; 90% pollen viability at 11–12&#xa0;mm bud size. While, complete absence of viable pollen in all the stages in BK17 was observed. The stigma receptivity of all the genotypes peaked at 10–12&#xa0;mm bud stage. Stomatal histology revealed significant genotypic differences with density ranging from 123.2 (BK6) to 262.6 (BK2), and stomatal size varied from 9.7 to 17.33&#xa0;µm (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.01). Trichomes also exhibited diversity in their forms and distribution. CIM-Megha and BK20 exhibited prominent non-glandular trichomes, while BK17 showed capitate glandular types associated with metabolite accumulation. In conclusion, our results underscored the existence of phenological, anatomical and reproductive diversity among the kalmegh genotypes, that can be harnessed for future breeding programs.</p>

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Integrated analysis of floral, vegetative and reproductive performances in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Likitha A.G.,
  • Channayya Hiremath

摘要

In the present study, we ascertained the phenological, anatomical and reproductive traits of twenty-three kalmegh genotypes. The floral development (Bud initiation to Anthesis) across these genotypes was ranged between 15 (BK-16)-20 (CIM-Megha) days, with a mean value of 17 days. While, capsule development and maturation ranged from 28–32 days across the genotypes. Pollen viability was assessed by acetocarmine stain showed there was no significant differences (p > 0.005) among the genotypes. Whereas, CIM-Megha, BK16 and BK9 expressed > 90% pollen viability at 11–12 mm bud size. While, complete absence of viable pollen in all the stages in BK17 was observed. The stigma receptivity of all the genotypes peaked at 10–12 mm bud stage. Stomatal histology revealed significant genotypic differences with density ranging from 123.2 (BK6) to 262.6 (BK2), and stomatal size varied from 9.7 to 17.33 µm (p > 0.01). Trichomes also exhibited diversity in their forms and distribution. CIM-Megha and BK20 exhibited prominent non-glandular trichomes, while BK17 showed capitate glandular types associated with metabolite accumulation. In conclusion, our results underscored the existence of phenological, anatomical and reproductive diversity among the kalmegh genotypes, that can be harnessed for future breeding programs.