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<p>Residues of some crops, such as wheat, have an allelopathic effect on weed species by reducing seed germination and seedling growth. Seven wheat genotypes, one hexaploid wheat genotype <i>Triticum aestivum</i> ‘Roushan’, one tetraploid wheat genotype <i>Triticum turgidum</i> ‘Yavaroos’ and five emmer wheat genotypes of <i>Triticum turgidum</i> subsp. <i>dicoccum</i> treated with four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 25, 50 and 75&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup>) were used to prepare shoot aqueous extracts. All the aqueous extracts were shown to reduce seed germination and seedling growth in radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i>) and seed germination, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigment production in wild barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> subsp. <i>spontaneum</i>) HPLC analysis revealed variation in the content of specific secondary metabolites across all wheat genotypes. The ability to synthesize these compounds varied significantly among genotypes and was influenced by the level of applied nitrogen. The results demonstrate that phenolic acids and flavonoids may contribute to the allelopathic activity of both improved hexaploid and ancient emmer wheat genotypes. These findings suggest that the selection of wheat genotypes with strong allelopathic potential, combined with optimized nitrogen management, could be strategically applied to develop sustainable weed control practices-particularly in organic and low-input farming systems where herbicide use is limited.</p>

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Nitrogen application in ancient wheat genotypes enhances their allelopathic activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Samira Fatholahi,
  • Hassan Karimmojeni,
  • Parviz Ehsanzadeh,
  • Abbas Ghafori,
  • Timothy C. Baldwin

摘要

Residues of some crops, such as wheat, have an allelopathic effect on weed species by reducing seed germination and seedling growth. Seven wheat genotypes, one hexaploid wheat genotype Triticum aestivum ‘Roushan’, one tetraploid wheat genotype Triticum turgidum ‘Yavaroos’ and five emmer wheat genotypes of Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum treated with four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha−1) were used to prepare shoot aqueous extracts. All the aqueous extracts were shown to reduce seed germination and seedling growth in radish (Raphanus sativus) and seed germination, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigment production in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) HPLC analysis revealed variation in the content of specific secondary metabolites across all wheat genotypes. The ability to synthesize these compounds varied significantly among genotypes and was influenced by the level of applied nitrogen. The results demonstrate that phenolic acids and flavonoids may contribute to the allelopathic activity of both improved hexaploid and ancient emmer wheat genotypes. These findings suggest that the selection of wheat genotypes with strong allelopathic potential, combined with optimized nitrogen management, could be strategically applied to develop sustainable weed control practices-particularly in organic and low-input farming systems where herbicide use is limited.