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<p><i>Curcuma longa</i> is an economically valuable spice used globally for its culinary and medicinal properties. As a vegetatively propagated polyploid with multi-parental origins, the genetic makeup of <i>C. longa</i> remains debatable. Understanding aspects of karyomorphology and genome size can offer insights into the genetic diversity of this crop. Hence, this investigation was devised to generate detailed information about chromosome morphology and genome sizes of twenty-four Indian cultivars of <i>C. longa</i>. The somatic chromosome number, 2<i>n</i> = 63, was observed in all the cultivars, with average chromosome lengths varying from 0.78&#xa0;µm (‘Sugantham’) to 1.56&#xa0;µm (‘Mega turmeric’). The 2C DNA content ranged from 2.31&#xa0;pg (‘Local cultivar’) to 2.65&#xa0;pg (‘Duggirala Red’). Detailed evaluations revealed symmetrical karyotypes and stable genome sizes, with subtle inter- and intra-chromosomal variations. Conforming with accepted hypothesis that uniformity in chromosome morphology is typically linked to early evolutionary plant genomes, the <i>C. longa</i> genome was deemed to be primitive. Statistical analyses also highlighted existence of karyotypic and genome size differences indicating existence of cryptic genetic variations among the cultivars. This comprehensive study will be resourceful in interpreting karyomorphology and genome size diversity, thereby encouraging further cytogenetic research using <i>C. longa.</i></p>

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Karyomorphological analysis and genome size estimation of some popular Indian cultivars of Curcuma longa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Sejuty Mondal,
  • Sovan Mishra,
  • Maumita Bandyopadhyay

摘要

Curcuma longa is an economically valuable spice used globally for its culinary and medicinal properties. As a vegetatively propagated polyploid with multi-parental origins, the genetic makeup of C. longa remains debatable. Understanding aspects of karyomorphology and genome size can offer insights into the genetic diversity of this crop. Hence, this investigation was devised to generate detailed information about chromosome morphology and genome sizes of twenty-four Indian cultivars of C. longa. The somatic chromosome number, 2n = 63, was observed in all the cultivars, with average chromosome lengths varying from 0.78 µm (‘Sugantham’) to 1.56 µm (‘Mega turmeric’). The 2C DNA content ranged from 2.31 pg (‘Local cultivar’) to 2.65 pg (‘Duggirala Red’). Detailed evaluations revealed symmetrical karyotypes and stable genome sizes, with subtle inter- and intra-chromosomal variations. Conforming with accepted hypothesis that uniformity in chromosome morphology is typically linked to early evolutionary plant genomes, the C. longa genome was deemed to be primitive. Statistical analyses also highlighted existence of karyotypic and genome size differences indicating existence of cryptic genetic variations among the cultivars. This comprehensive study will be resourceful in interpreting karyomorphology and genome size diversity, thereby encouraging further cytogenetic research using C. longa.