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<p>Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of the phosphate industry, has gained attention in agriculture due to its potential to improve soil structure, water retention, and crop productivity. This study evaluated the effects of PG, applied alone or with microbial inoculants, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) performance under two irrigation regimes: well-watered (WW; 75% field capacity) and water-stressed (WS; 50% FC). Drought stress significantly reduced plant growth, yield, chlorophyll content, and fruit quality, demonstrating its adverse effects on tomato physiology. However, PG treatments, especially when combined with PGPR and/or AMF, mitigated these effects by enhancing plant growth, chlorophyll concentration, antioxidant enzyme activities, and fruit quality. The most notable improvements were observed with the combined PG + PGPR + AMF treatment, which significantly increased biomass, yield, and stress tolerance while reducing oxidative damage. These results highlight the synergistic benefits of PG and beneficial microbes in improving drought resilience in tomatoes. Moreover, this integrated strategy promotes the sustainable use of phosphogypsum, offering a dual benefit of improving crop productivity under water-limited conditions and contributing to the eco-friendly management of industrial waste.</p>

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Phosphogypsum and PGPM synergy: a sustainable strategy to improve drought resilience in tomatoes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Abdel-ilah Tahiri,
  • Abdelilah Meddich,
  • Aiman Slimani,
  • Anas Raklami,
  • Noura Bechtaoui,
  • Khalid Oufdou

摘要

Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of the phosphate industry, has gained attention in agriculture due to its potential to improve soil structure, water retention, and crop productivity. This study evaluated the effects of PG, applied alone or with microbial inoculants, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) performance under two irrigation regimes: well-watered (WW; 75% field capacity) and water-stressed (WS; 50% FC). Drought stress significantly reduced plant growth, yield, chlorophyll content, and fruit quality, demonstrating its adverse effects on tomato physiology. However, PG treatments, especially when combined with PGPR and/or AMF, mitigated these effects by enhancing plant growth, chlorophyll concentration, antioxidant enzyme activities, and fruit quality. The most notable improvements were observed with the combined PG + PGPR + AMF treatment, which significantly increased biomass, yield, and stress tolerance while reducing oxidative damage. These results highlight the synergistic benefits of PG and beneficial microbes in improving drought resilience in tomatoes. Moreover, this integrated strategy promotes the sustainable use of phosphogypsum, offering a dual benefit of improving crop productivity under water-limited conditions and contributing to the eco-friendly management of industrial waste.