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<p>Roses (<i>Rosa</i> × <i>hybrida</i>) are complex hybrids of high horticultural importance, valued for their aesthetic appeal and diverse floral colours. Despite their global relevance, studies on pollen morphology across rose cultivars remain scarce. This study examines the pollen morphology of 27 rose cultivars using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and multivariate statistical analyses. Key traits such as pollen shape, polar axis length, equatorial diameter, exine thickness, and aperture type were assessed. All cultivars exhibited isopolar monads with radial symmetry and tricolporate apertures. Notable variation was observed in pollen size, with polar lengths ranging from 23.05 to 32.40&#xa0;µm (maximum in ‘Jantar Mantar’) and equatorial diameters from 19.64 to 34.48&#xa0;µm (maximum in ‘Kashmiri Velvet’). Pollen shapes varied from prolate to spheroidal and oblate, reflecting intraspecific diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that two components explained 99.79% of total variance, with shape and size being the main discriminating traits. Cluster analysis and PCA effectively grouped the cultivars based on these characteristics. Comparison with other Rosaceae species using the PalDat database revealed distinct features supporting taxonomic differentiation. These findings enhance understanding of rose reproductive biology and pollen diversity, offering valuable implications for taxonomy, conservation, and cultivar improvement programmes.</p>

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Pollen morphology and diversity in Rosa × hybrida cultivars with comparative insights across the Rosaceae family

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • A. J. Kulkarni,
  • M. S. Nimbalkar,
  • S. A. Patil,
  • M. C. Pagariya,
  • P. R. Jadhav,
  • M. P. Mane,
  • A. B. Magdum,
  • K. V. Shinde,
  • D. V. S. Raju,
  • K. V. Prasad,
  • G. B. Dixit,
  • P. G. Kawar

摘要

Roses (Rosa × hybrida) are complex hybrids of high horticultural importance, valued for their aesthetic appeal and diverse floral colours. Despite their global relevance, studies on pollen morphology across rose cultivars remain scarce. This study examines the pollen morphology of 27 rose cultivars using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and multivariate statistical analyses. Key traits such as pollen shape, polar axis length, equatorial diameter, exine thickness, and aperture type were assessed. All cultivars exhibited isopolar monads with radial symmetry and tricolporate apertures. Notable variation was observed in pollen size, with polar lengths ranging from 23.05 to 32.40 µm (maximum in ‘Jantar Mantar’) and equatorial diameters from 19.64 to 34.48 µm (maximum in ‘Kashmiri Velvet’). Pollen shapes varied from prolate to spheroidal and oblate, reflecting intraspecific diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that two components explained 99.79% of total variance, with shape and size being the main discriminating traits. Cluster analysis and PCA effectively grouped the cultivars based on these characteristics. Comparison with other Rosaceae species using the PalDat database revealed distinct features supporting taxonomic differentiation. These findings enhance understanding of rose reproductive biology and pollen diversity, offering valuable implications for taxonomy, conservation, and cultivar improvement programmes.