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<p>The endemic flora of Mediterranean islands faces a dramatic extinction risk, as exemplified by <i>Silene migjornensis</i> (Caryophyllaceae), an annual species restricted to a single location along c. 4&#xa0;km of coastal dunes on the island of Mallorca. The aim of this study was: (1) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of <i>S. migjornensis</i> and relatives based on the nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region; and (2) to estimate levels of genomic diversity and relationships among 48 individuals from the three subpopulations based on a high-throughput sequencing technique, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The ITS phylogeny indicated that <i>S. migjornensis</i> is closely related to <i>S. colorata</i>, <i>S. sericea</i>, <i>S. arabica</i>, and <i>S. reverchonii</i>. The population genomic analysis revealed low genetic diversity in all three subpopulations and supported two weakly differentiated genetic units: one comprising two large subpopulations and the other corresponding to a small subpopulation. Based on the occurrence of a single population, narrow endemicity, habitat fragility and very low genetic diversity, we highlight the extinction risk faced by <i>S. migjornensis</i>. Additionally, we suggest specific management strategies including genetic reinforcement (using the three subpopulations), ex situ conservation, and environmental monitoring and supervision to ensure its long-term survival and viability.</p>

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Phylogenetic relationships and GBS genomic diversity of the endangered Mediterranean coastal campion Silene migjornensis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Inés Herrero,
  • Mario Fernández-Mazuecos,
  • Emilio Cano,
  • Lorenzo Gil,
  • Joana Cursach,
  • Pablo Vargas

摘要

The endemic flora of Mediterranean islands faces a dramatic extinction risk, as exemplified by Silene migjornensis (Caryophyllaceae), an annual species restricted to a single location along c. 4 km of coastal dunes on the island of Mallorca. The aim of this study was: (1) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of S. migjornensis and relatives based on the nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region; and (2) to estimate levels of genomic diversity and relationships among 48 individuals from the three subpopulations based on a high-throughput sequencing technique, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The ITS phylogeny indicated that S. migjornensis is closely related to S. colorata, S. sericea, S. arabica, and S. reverchonii. The population genomic analysis revealed low genetic diversity in all three subpopulations and supported two weakly differentiated genetic units: one comprising two large subpopulations and the other corresponding to a small subpopulation. Based on the occurrence of a single population, narrow endemicity, habitat fragility and very low genetic diversity, we highlight the extinction risk faced by S. migjornensis. Additionally, we suggest specific management strategies including genetic reinforcement (using the three subpopulations), ex situ conservation, and environmental monitoring and supervision to ensure its long-term survival and viability.