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<p>The diversity of foliose lichens in Capintalan, Carranglan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, was investigated for the first time, with emphasis on the antibacterial potential of <i>Parmotrema cristiferum</i> against ESKAPE pathogens. Through purposive sampling at elevations of 600–910&#xa0;m above sea level, 31 foliose lichen specimens were collected representing 5 families, 5 genera, and 13 species. <i>Heterodermia delicatula</i> was identified as a new record for the Philippines. However, due to biomass abundance, <i>P. cristiferum</i> was selected for antibacterial assessment using paper-disc diffusion assay against ESKAPE pathogens. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited moderate to strong inhibitory activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (20.07 ± 0.15&#xa0;mm zone of inhibition at 100&#xa0;mg/mL) and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (18.27 ± 0.55&#xa0;mm at 100&#xa0;mg/mL). Thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of alkaloids and triterpenes, which bioautography partially confirmed as potential active compounds in preliminary screening against <i>S. aureus</i> only. While the disk diffusion assay showed activity against both pathogens, bioautography results were inconsistent for <i>A. baumannii</i>, indicating the need for further investigation. These findings expand the lichen biodiversity knowledge of the Philippines and suggest the possible potential of lichens as sources of antibacterial agents.</p>

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Foliose lichen diversity and antibacterial activity of Parmotrema cristiferum against ESKAPE pathogens from Capintalan, Carranglan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Jerry C. Lagman,
  • Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro,
  • Jaycee Augusto G. Paguirigan

摘要

The diversity of foliose lichens in Capintalan, Carranglan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, was investigated for the first time, with emphasis on the antibacterial potential of Parmotrema cristiferum against ESKAPE pathogens. Through purposive sampling at elevations of 600–910 m above sea level, 31 foliose lichen specimens were collected representing 5 families, 5 genera, and 13 species. Heterodermia delicatula was identified as a new record for the Philippines. However, due to biomass abundance, P. cristiferum was selected for antibacterial assessment using paper-disc diffusion assay against ESKAPE pathogens. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited moderate to strong inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (20.07 ± 0.15 mm zone of inhibition at 100 mg/mL) and Acinetobacter baumannii (18.27 ± 0.55 mm at 100 mg/mL). Thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of alkaloids and triterpenes, which bioautography partially confirmed as potential active compounds in preliminary screening against S. aureus only. While the disk diffusion assay showed activity against both pathogens, bioautography results were inconsistent for A. baumannii, indicating the need for further investigation. These findings expand the lichen biodiversity knowledge of the Philippines and suggest the possible potential of lichens as sources of antibacterial agents.