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<p><i>Chaenorhinum rodriguezii</i> (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae) is an endangered narrow endemic species from the Tramuntana Range on the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean). Only three extant populations with very small numbers of individuals are known. Some authors consider this taxon a subspecies of <i>C. origanifolium</i>. We investigated the evolution of <i>C. rodriguezii</i> at two scales: (1) a phylogenetic analysis of the genus <i>Chaenorhinum</i> using the nuclear ITS region and the plastid <i>rpl</i>32-<i>trn</i>L region to evaluate the phylogenetic position and divergence time of <i>C. rodriguezii</i> within the genus; and (2) a phylogeographic study of the three extant populations of <i>C. rodriguezii</i> using the plastid DNA regions <i>trn</i>Q-<i>rps</i>16 and <i>trn</i>V-<i>ndh</i>C to assess their diversity and intraspecific structure. The results show that <i>C. rodriguezii</i> is placed in a western Mediterranean clade of <i>Chaenorhinum</i> species, close to <i>C. origanifolium</i> but differentiated from it. Given the Pleistocene divergence estimated for <i>C. rodriguezii</i>, it can be considered a neoendemic species. The phylogeographic study reveals a relatively high plastid DNA diversity (considering the small population size) and significant isolation among the three populations. Conservation measures are suggested for the preservation of this threatened endemic species from Mediterranean island mountains.</p>

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The Majorcan neoendemic Chaenorhinum rodriguezii (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae): phylogenetics, phylogeography and conservation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Francisco Gómez-Prieto,
  • Llorenç Sáez,
  • Mario Fernández-Mazuecos

摘要

Chaenorhinum rodriguezii (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae) is an endangered narrow endemic species from the Tramuntana Range on the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean). Only three extant populations with very small numbers of individuals are known. Some authors consider this taxon a subspecies of C. origanifolium. We investigated the evolution of C. rodriguezii at two scales: (1) a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Chaenorhinum using the nuclear ITS region and the plastid rpl32-trnL region to evaluate the phylogenetic position and divergence time of C. rodriguezii within the genus; and (2) a phylogeographic study of the three extant populations of C. rodriguezii using the plastid DNA regions trnQ-rps16 and trnV-ndhC to assess their diversity and intraspecific structure. The results show that C. rodriguezii is placed in a western Mediterranean clade of Chaenorhinum species, close to C. origanifolium but differentiated from it. Given the Pleistocene divergence estimated for C. rodriguezii, it can be considered a neoendemic species. The phylogeographic study reveals a relatively high plastid DNA diversity (considering the small population size) and significant isolation among the three populations. Conservation measures are suggested for the preservation of this threatened endemic species from Mediterranean island mountains.